ADHD And Sugar: How Nutrition Impacts Symptoms

Medically reviewed by Melissa Guarnaccia, LCSW
Updated October 15, 2024by BetterHelp Editorial Team

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a complex mental health condition characterized by impulsivity, hyperactivity, and difficulties in maintaining focus. In this article, we’ll explore common misconceptions surrounding ADHD and sugar consumption, and how food choices, including foods with high amounts of sugar, can impact ADHD symptoms.

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Understanding ADHD

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a mental health condition characterized by impulsiveness, hyperactivity, and difficulty concentrating on specific tasks. Individuals with ADHD often display an elevated need for stimulation.

Many people with ADHD face stigma and there are common misconceptions about the condition. ADHD is a significant neurological condition that affects the brain and nervous system, with several common symptoms observed in both adults and children with ADHD. Those with ADHD might exhibit the following symptoms:

  • Difficulty concentrating
  • Restlessness/hyperactivity
  • Forgetfulness
  • Mood swings/emotional dysregulation
  • Impulsive behavior
  • Difficulty with time management

Though a direct cause of ADHD is not currently known, experts continue to research the condition. A combination of genetic, neurological, and environmental factors is believed to contribute to its development.

Does sugar cause ADHD? 

The topic of ADHD and sugar is one that faces a variety of misconceptions. You may be familiar with a common myth that sugar consumption causes ADHD. This may be due to the widely purported idea that eating sugar leads to hyperactivity. In fact, neither of these ideas are true. 

As stated above, there is no known cause of ADHD. Additionally, researchers have found little evidence that consuming sugar worsens ADHD symptoms. However, certain behaviors associated with ADHD may contribute to increased sugar intake. For example, a 2015 study revealed that the part of the brain associated with pleasure, reward, and motivation tends to malfunction in those with ADHD

A lack of dopamine in the ADHD brain can lead to seeking it in external forms, such as through consuming processed foods or sugary drinks. Individuals with an ADHD diagnosis may find themselves more susceptible to developing binge eating patterns due to various factors associated with the ADHD brain. In fact, research shows a number of co-occurring factors or comorbidities between ADHD and disordered eating patterns.

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How sugar can impacts symptoms

While eating sugar doesn’t cause ADHD, high sugar intake may exacerbate symptoms. Foods high in sugar, food additives, artificial food coloring, and saturated fat may lack necessary nutrients, negatively impacting overall health and potentially exacerbating ADHD symptoms. 

Generally, foods with little nutritional value and excessive sugar intake can affect mental health or ADHD symptoms in a number of ways:

Nutrient deficiencies

Inadequate intake of essential nutrients, such as omega-3 fatty acids, zinc, iron, and vitamin B6, may contribute to ADHD symptoms.

Blood sugar fluctuations

Foods high in refined sugars and processed foods can lead to rapid spikes and crashes in blood sugar levels, potentially affecting attention and concentration.

Food additives and preservatives

Some individuals with ADHD may be sensitive to certain food additives and preservatives, and their consumption may exacerbate symptoms.

Allergies and sensitivities

Undiagnosed food allergies or sensitivities might contribute to inflammation and affect cognitive function in some individuals with ADHD.

Protein intake

Inadequate protein intake may affect the production of neurotransmitters, potentially influencing mood and attention.

Gut-brain connection

Emerging research suggests a potential link between gut health and mental health. Poor nutrition can negatively impact the gut microbiome, which may influence brain function and behavior.

Low omega-3 fatty acids

Omega-3 fatty acids, found in fish and certain nuts and seeds, play a role in brain health. Insufficient intake may be associated with ADHD symptoms.

Reducing sugar intake and instead eating nutrient-dense foods may be an important part of managing ADHD symptoms.

The benefits of reducing sugar intake for ADHD symptoms 

Experts suggest that people with ADHD may benefit from eating foods that are low in sugar, without completely avoiding it. One way to reduce sugar intake is to replace processed foods or candy with foods that have natural sugars, such as milk, fruits, and vegetables. 

By eating nutrient-rich foods low in added sugars, individuals both with and without ADHD may experience a range of positive outcomes. These include improved heart health, as excessive sugar consumption has been linked to cardiovascular issues. 

Moreover, reduced sugar intake correlates with enhanced cognitive function and concentration, which may also help those managing ADHD symptoms. Additionally, consuming less sugar can contribute to better oral health and enhance mood over all. 

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How therapy can help people with ADHD

Therapy can offer valuable support for individuals managing ADHD, addressing various aspects of their well-being by identifying ADHD symptoms and challenging eating patterns. In many cases, therapy can play a crucial role in breaking away from unhealthy thoughts related to body image and fostering a healthier, more nutritionally focused mindset.

The convenience of online therapy is particularly beneficial for individuals with ADHD, offering flexible options to engage in the therapeutic process. In essence, therapy emerges as a comprehensive tool that not only helps manage ADHD symptoms but also supports individuals in developing a healthier relationship with food and their bodies.

Online therapy is also effective. In a systematic review of ADHD interventions, online treatment was found to be more effective than a waitlist. 

Takeaway

Understanding the nuanced relationship between ADHD and sugar consumption can help individuals navigate the challenges of the condition. While sugar does not directly cause ADHD, the impact of excessive sugar intake on ADHD symptoms highlights the significance of eating nutrient-rich foods. Additionally, the benefits of cutting back on sugar extend beyond symptom management, promoting improved heart and brain health, oral well-being, and overall mood.
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