Is ADHD A Disability?
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a complex and misunderstood condition affecting an estimated 6.1 million children and 4.4% of the adult population in the United States alone.
When it comes to ADHD, our understanding is constantly evolving. While there’s still a lot that we do not know about this complex disorder, recent research has been implementing more robust frameworks for diagnosing and classifying ADHD.
As such, discussions on whether or not ADHD should be considered one of the types of intellectual disabilities have become increasingly frequent. To dive deeper into the potential classification of ADHD as a disability, let’s first explore what experts currently understand from the existing body of evidence surrounding cognitive and behavioral differences between people with and without ADHD.
What is attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?
ADHD, or Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, is a common health condition that affects many individuals. Common ADHD symptoms include inattention, impulsive behavior, and sometimes hyperactivity, each of which can make daily life challenging for both children and adults with ADHD.
Is ADHD a disability?
ADHD is recognized as a developmental disability because it impacts brain development and can affect learning and behavior. Individuals with a diagnosis of ADHD may be eligible for disability benefits for ADHD to help manage some of the challenges they face.
A diagnosis is required to receive benefits for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
For those seeking support, social security disability benefits can help ease financial burdens due to the symptoms of ADHD. It's helpful to seek medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment if you believe you’re experiencing symptoms of ADHD. This is required to receive benefits for ADHD.
ADHD treatment
ADHD treatment often includes a combination of medication, therapy, and lifestyle changes. Each person's needs are unique; a mental health professional can help find a treatment plan that works best for the individual.
Diagnosis: three classifications of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
It wasn’t until the early 20th century that science recognized ADHD as a diagnosable mental health condition. Initially, in 1902, the disorder was known as the “defect of moral control” and referred largely to behaviors such as impulsivity, disorganization, and restlessness.
In the 1960s, there were no criteria for ADHD diagnosis, but by 1980 doctors had identified three categories of the condition: inattention, hyperactive/impulsive, and combined types. During this time, researchers studied clinically diagnosed children from academic settings and non-clinically diagnosed children from community settings.
They then gathered the details from these studies to create a list of common characteristics of children affected by the disorder. This allowed professionals to develop clear guidelines for diagnosing ADHD in these new classifications.
Since then, education surrounding ADHD has become more widespread thanks to growing research on its causes and effects. As a result, we are now much more able to recognize symptoms correctly and treat the disorder accordingly.
Primary inattentive type
Primary inattentive type ADHD was previously known as ADD or attention-deficit disorder. This type is characterized by difficulty paying attention to details and organizing tasks, difficulty following instructions, and difficulty with time management and meeting deadlines. People with this disorder may have trouble completing tasks because they become easily distracted or forgetful. They may also need help staying focused on conversations or activities for long periods.
Other common symptoms of primary inattentive type ADHD include:
- Trouble multitasking
- Poor memory recall
- Disorganization
- Procrastination
- Restlessness
Research suggests that people with this type of ADHD also tend to have difficulty managing their emotions and may be prone to depression or anxiety due to their struggles with focusing on tasks.
A diagnosis for primary inattentive type ADHD typically involves an assessment from a medical professional such as a physician or psychologist specializing in diagnosing the disorder.
The assessment will involve evaluating the person’s medical history and examining their behaviors related to attention deficits and other symptoms associated with the disorder.
After the assessment, the medical professional can make a diagnosis based on whether or not there is sufficient evidence to support a diagnosis for primary inattentive type ADHD.
Primary hyperactive-impulsive type
Those living with the primary hyperactive-impulsive type of ADHD may engage in behaviors without thinking them through or considering the consequences. They may be overly talkative, fidgety, or easily distracted by noises or movements around them. They also tend to have difficulty waiting their turn when speaking or playing games, often blurting out answers before others have finished talking.
This form of ADHD can have specific impacts on a person's daily life and functioning. For example, their lack of patience and reluctance to wait for directions could make them more prone to mishaps. They may also exhibit disruptive behaviors in social settings due to issues with impulse control and a lack of insight into the results of their actions.
The most common treatments for the primary hyperactive-impulsive type are behavioral therapy and medication management. Behavioral therapy focuses on helping the person develop self-control as well as skills to manage impulsivity and hyperactivity in different situations.
Medication management is used to help reduce some of the symptoms associated with the primary hyperactive-impulsive type, such as impulsivity, restlessness, and difficulty focusing on tasks. It’s important to note that behavioral therapy and medication management should be used together for optimal results.
Combined type
The disorder's markers of both inattention and impulsivity are present in those with combined type ADHD. Those of the combined type may have trouble staying focused, are quickly sidetracked, have difficulty paying attention to small details, and as a result, frequently experience feelings of worry and anxiety. They may also be prone to risk-taking and impulsive behaviors, such as talking excessively or interrupting conversations.
Each individual living with combined type ADHD requires a unique approach to therapy. Medication is typically administered to help manage symptoms associated with this illness.
Increased concentration and decreased impulsivity and hyperactivity are two common reasons why doctors prescribe stimulants. In addition to medication, persons with combined type ADHD can benefit from alternative treatments, such as online therapy or adjustments in their way of life.
Individuals can benefit from therapy by learning coping mechanisms and receiving emotional reinforcement. In addition, altering one's diet or engaging in more physical exercise can also positively impact one's health and well-being and may be helpful in the management of symptoms linked with this illness.
Last but not least, those with combined type ADHD may benefit from frequent mental health checkups to ensure any underlying concerns are being effectively treated.
Are people with ADHD eligible for disability benefits?
The validity of ADHD as a disability remains a contentious issue. Many experts argue that ADHD is a set of abilities giving those living with it an increased chance at success in certain areas. Conversely, some consider it to be a disability due to its impact on the ability of individuals to control their behaviors and reactions.
Why is ADHD a disability?
A wide range of symptoms can be associated with ADHD, including disorganization and distractibility that can interfere with everyday functioning, such as adhering to attendance policies at work or school, following through on commitments, and managing time efficiently.
These symptoms do not typically impact only one area of life; they often affect multiple aspects simultaneously — from family relationships and social activities to academic and other professional pursuits. These impacts to everyday life can make it hard to fulfill the requirements of a job. Fortunately, certain provisions of employment law enforced by the federal government give protection and assistance to people considered disabled due to symptoms of ADHD.
ADHD and Americans with Disabilities Act
Under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), an individual has a disability if they live with a “physical or mental impairment that substantially limits a major life activity”. ADHD is a disability covered by the ADA, which means employees who have been diagnosed with ADHD are protected from discrimination by federal law. The ADA states that people with a covered disability have the right to reasonable accommodation, which could include an altered work schedule, modifications to the work environment, and changes to job requirements. It also provides that disabled employees are protected from employer discrimination. For example, under the ADA, it is unlawful for employers to ask an employee with a disability about their medical history (unless accommodations are requested during the hiring process) or pass them over for a promotion because they asked for accommodations.
These protections can be a helpful tool for individuals whose ADHD impacts their professional lives. However, it’s important to note that the ADA only applies to business with more than 15 employees, so not everyone is covered. Those who work for a small business may need to find other sources of protection, such as state or municipal laws.
Is ADHD a disability under SSDI or SSI?
Individuals with ADHD can also qualify for disability benefits through Social Security Disability Income (SSDI) or Supplemental Security Income (SSI). To be eligible for benefits, disabled workers typically must prove that they are not working, their symptoms are severe, their condition is covered, their condition is the reason they are no longer working, and they cannot do other work. Typically, ADHD is covered under the “Neurodevelopmental disorders” section of conditions that qualify for Social Security benefits. Individuals who apply for benefits must provide evidence in the form of medical documents that prove the severity of their mental impairment.
Addressing an ADHD diagnosis in online therapy
Online therapy can be a handy tool that those living with ADHD can take full advantage of. It allows everyone to enjoy the comfort of their home while engaging in mental health treatment tailored to their needs.
The benefits of online therapy as a mental health treatment
There are many benefits associated with online therapy for those living with ADHD, including being able to witness improved communication, increased self-awareness, and better focus and concentration. In addition, through regular sessions with qualified professionals, individuals living with ADHD can improve their behaviors and expand their coping strategies when faced with emotional or mental distress.
On top of that, clients have more say over how often and when they receive support with online counseling. This therapeutic method fosters a nonjudgmental space where patients can tell what’s on their minds and receive constructive feedback on better managing their disorder.
Effectiveness of online therapy as a treatment for ADHD symptoms
In recent years, there has been an increased interest in the potential of online therapy to be a viable option for those with ADHD. Studies have shown that online therapy, which often incorporates various psychological therapeutic methods such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), can be effective for people with ADHD.
These findings have been bolstered by further research, which indicates that online treatments tend to be widely accepted, demonstrating positive results and showing promise for providing a substitute for conventional face-to-face therapy.
In many cases, online therapy has proven to be a helpful accompaniment to traditional forms of treatment. Ultimately, it appears that the science strongly suggests that when appropriately utilized, online therapy is an effective way to treat those with ADHD.
Takeaway
We know that ADHD is a complex and misunderstood condition affecting millions of people in the United States. While we still do not know much about this disorder, recent research has been implementing more robust frameworks for diagnosing and classifying it. This has led to many discussions on whether or not ADHD should be considered a disability.
People living with ADHD are increasingly turning to online counseling. It was formerly believed that traditional therapy was the only choice for treating and controlling ADHD symptoms; however, research has shown that online therapies can be just as successful, if not more so.
Positive benefits, such as better ADHD diagnosis and symptom control via focused therapies, have been shown across several studies of online therapy. In addition, because of its adaptability and convenience, online therapy can help folks who otherwise might struggle to get the treatment they need.Why is ADHD not considered a disability?
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), ADHD is considered a disabling condition under the Americans with Disabilities Act and may entitle someone to receive reasonable accommodation at work or school. However, it does not automatically make someone eligible to receive payment from SS disability insurance, nor is it considered a learning disability under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA).
The IDEA defines what conditions allow a child to be placed in special education and receive additional funds from school to assist in their academic progress. ADHD is not explicitly listed, but receiving an IEP and academic support is still possible if the condition significantly impacts the student’s academic performance. The IDEA recognizes a category of disorders known as “Other Health Impairments,” which can be used to verify and provide services for a student with ADHD.
Can a person with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder have a normal life?
It is certainly possible for a person with ADHD to have a healthy life. However, the outcomes are likely best if the person takes proactive, meaningful steps toward treatment and managing the condition. According to the National Institute of Mental Health, quality care and interventions can help manage symptoms that might otherwise interfere with a person’s ability to productively engage in interpersonal relationships, school, and/or work.
ADHD, especially when diagnosed early, can be a manageable condition that does not preclude someone from engaging in normal, everyday activities. If it is diagnosed in childhood, around 50% of those diagnosed will experience complete or partial remission by the time they reach age 25.
In some cases, ADHD may co-occur with other disorders that increase the risk of severe symptoms. For example, oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), conduct disorder, Tourette syndrome, and specific learning disability are some of the most commonly co-occurring disorders with ADHD. Children with co-occurring disorders may experience challenges that require more support.
Is ADHD a mental illness or a physical disability?
ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder. In a way, it is both a mental illness and a physical disability. It is associated with physical changes in the brain that affect how a person navigates school, work, and daily life. The term “mental illness” is poorly defined, and while ADHD can be considered a mental illness, it is likely better framed as a developmental disorder. ADHD is a chronic condition; those with the disorder cannot be cured, but with adequate treatment and management, a normal life is likely possible.
For people to obtain disability benefits for ADHD (or any other medical conditions covered), they must not be engaged in substantial gainful activity, and symptoms must be considered severely limiting the ability to do certain tasks that are basic requirements for work, like remembering things, following simple instructions, or responding appropriately to co-workers. Many adults (approximately 19-25%) with ADHD receive disability benefits.
Is ADHD a serious mental illness?
Severe ADHD can have a profound impact on someone’s life. If the condition is left untreated, it tends to cause problems in a person’s education, employment, and social relationships. Those problems can be quite severe and can significantly decrease a person’s functional ability and overall well-being. However, ADHD is a treatable and manageable condition, and with proper assessment, there is no reason to assume that ADHD will make someone’s life immensely challenging or unlivable.
Is ADHD a mental health condition?
ADHD is a developmental disability caused by changes in the structure and connectivity of the brain. It has a strong genetic component, and researchers continue to work to identify the complex genetic underpinnings of the condition. It is not the same as other mental health issues, like anxiety, depression, and other mood disorders, which can appear without any apparent change in the structure and function of the brain. Because tangible, physical changes cause ADHD, it is considered a life-long chronic condition that may require management well into adulthood.
Is ADHD a disease or disorder?
ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder, a type of mental health concern caused by changes in the structure and function of the brain. It is not caused by pathogens or other disease-causing agents but rather through genetic factors triggered by environmental elements, such as exposure to toxins or an extremely stressful childhood. It is considered a disorder because the interconnectivity between parts of the brain necessary for attention and function, such as the frontal lobe, is significantly impaired compared to those who do not have the condition.
Is ADHD a part of Autism?
ADHD and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are separate conditions that are sometimes confused with one another. One reason for the confusion may be because ADHD and ASD are highly comorbid, meaning they appear together a large percentage of the time. One study found that 50% to 70% of those diagnosed with ASD also qualify for a diagnosis of ADHD. Because of the extreme overlap, symptoms of one condition may get confused with symptoms of the other. Despite this, ASD and ADHD often appear separately, and an individual with both (called “combined presentation”) will require a treatment plan that considers each condition. Both ADHD and ASD are typically diagnosed in childhood, which may make it more difficult to distinguish between them.
What kind of disability is ADHD?
ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder. If symptoms are severe enough to impair a person’s function at school or work or interfere with their ability to perform major life activities, they may be able to receive supplemental income or an individualized education plan. A diagnosis does not automatically qualify someone to receive payments under SS disability, nor does it automatically entitle a school-age child to receive an IEP. To receive disability benefits, a person’s ADHD must be severe enough that, even with treatment, they are unable to function at work. According to the Social Security Administration, claimants must experience significant physical and/or mental impairment that severely impacts their ability to function.
While a person may not automatically qualify for disability income or an IEP, both adults and children can request specific accommodations under the Americans with Disabilities Act. In employment settings, a person can get accommodations only if they are reasonable and agreed upon by the employer. In school settings, most children with ADHD can receive accommodations under Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 with appropriate documentation of the condition.
What causes ADHD in the brain?
The causes are not entirely known, but ongoing research continues to paint a picture of the significant differences between brains with ADHD and those without. Researchers have discovered that ADHD has a strong genetic component, with studies estimating heritability at around 75%. Environmental factors also play a role. Evidence suggests that exposure to toxins, like lead or pesticides, can increase the risk of the condition. Other environmental risk factors include maternal stress during pregnancy, poverty, an unstable home, or exposure to violence in early life.
Is ADHD considered a disability or a disorder?
According to the American Psychiatric Association, ADHD is both a disorder recognized in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5) and a protected disability. Here’s what those two terms mean in relation to ADHD:
- ADHD as a disorder: ADHD is one of the most commonly diagnosed mental disorders affecting children, though it’s sometimes confused with learning disorders. The fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual recognizes three subtypes: predominantly inattentive, predominantly hyperactive-impulsive symptoms, or combined presentation. For many children with a diagnosis, managing ADHD is relatively straightforward with medications and/or behavioral adaptation, like taking frequent breaks or using a day planner.
- ADHD as a disability: In a legal context, ADHD is protected under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), meaning that institutions receiving federal funding cannot discriminate against people with ADHD. Furthermore, persistent symptoms of ADHD that meet strict requirements for their impact on work or school may qualify for reasonable accommodation. State laws may also provide protection.
Many other mental health disorders can meet disability standards to receive state and federal benefits, such as Social Security Disability Insurance.
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