Why ADHD Life Expectancy Differs From Those Without It And How To Improve Well-Being
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Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is among the most common mental health disorders that affect children and adults worldwide. ADHD is associated with impulsivity, inattention, and hyperactivity, but a growing body of research suggests that the condition may also affect life expectancy in comparison to individuals without the disorder. Below, explore statistics on ADHD life expectancy, symptoms of ADHD, and support options for the condition.
Understanding the ADHD life expectancy
According to Josh Stott, an aging and clinical psychology professor at University College London, “It is deeply concerning that some adults with diagnosed ADHD are living shorter lives than they should.” However, more research is needed to determine the precise cause(s) of the potential years of life lost.
ADHD life expectancy and its key influencing factors
Recent research suggests that individuals diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder live shorter lives than those without an ADHD diagnosis, potentially due to impulsivity, risky behaviors, and comorbid health conditions.
Due to relatively poor impulse control, some individuals with ADHD may be prone to driving recklessly, misusing substances, and participating in other life-threatening behaviors. Individuals with ADHD may also live with moderate to severe executive dysfunction, making it more difficult to regularly engage in healthful habits, such as exercising or eating nutritious meals.
A 2018 study found that the most significant predictors of a lower life expectancy in individuals with ADHD included fewer years of education, shorter sleep durations, less exercise, poorer nutrition, risky driving, and a lower income. However, more research is needed to confirm these findings.
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder health risks
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder is associated with a higher likelihood of engaging in behaviors that can negatively affect physical and mental well-being, such as smoking, poor eating, and substance misuse. These life factors also contribute to ADHD’s association with diabetes, heart disease, obesity, and other serious physical health conditions.
ADHD is also associated with comorbid mental health conditions, such as major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, autism spectrum disorder, bipolar disorder, and learning disorders. According to a 2024 study, childhood ADHD diagnoses are associated with an increased risk of suicide and self-harm during adolescence. Other mental health conditions, such as depression, or external circumstances, such as bullying, may increase this risk.
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ADHD health challenges and risk-reduction strategies
In addition to the commonly co-occurring conditions, individuals with ADHD tend to live with the consequences of significant executive dysfunction. These consequences can further complicate daily life and make ADHD more challenging to treat.
ADHD life expectancy and common health struggles
Health concerns for those with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder go beyond health conditions and external risks. Many individuals with ADHD also live with sleep disorders, such as insomnia, that may lead to chronic fatigue and a weakened immune system. Additionally, while some individuals with ADHD may be on medication to help manage their symptoms, medication adherence can be a challenge for those who forget to take their prescriptions or discontinue them without professional medical guidance. The stress associated with comorbid conditions and emotional dysregulation can take a toll on mental and physical health, further affecting the life expectancy of a person with ADHD.
ADHD health management
ADHD itself is not necessarily the cause of its mental and physical comorbidities. Instead, the way symptoms can impact daily life can make them a clear but indirect factor in estimated life expectancy. Proactive health management and preventative care may be instrumental in managing the risks associated with ADHD. Regular checkups at a primary care practice can help healthcare providers monitor and detect potential health concerns early, potentially aiding in early treatment and recovery.
Lifestyle adjustments, such as maintaining nutritious eating habits, improving sleep hygiene, and incorporating physical exercise, can make a significant positive difference in overall well-being. The tendency toward impulsivity common in people with ADHD may be managed through talk therapy and real-time coping mechanisms, such as mindfulness.
British journal studies on ADHD and life expectancy
According to health research published in the British Journal of Psychiatry in 2025, the life expectancy of UK adults diagnosed with ADHD is about eight years less than those without an ADHD diagnosis. Men diagnosed with ADHD live an average of seven years less, and women with ADHD live an average of nine years less than the general population.
British journal insights on ADHD and holistic health
The study states that the life expectancy deficit in ADHD is “likely caused by modifiable risk factors and unmet support and treatment needs in terms of both ADHD and co-occurring mental and physical health conditions.” Researchers also emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and targeted interventions to mitigate risks and enhance overall well-being. A licensed mental health professional can provide an adult ADHD assessment.
Long-term strategies for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
The “modifiable risk factors” mentioned in the study suggest the importance of a multimodal approach to ADHD treatment that utilizes medication, psychotherapy, and lifestyle interventions working in tandem to produce the best results.
ADHD life expectancy and social support systems
In the interest of a multimodal approach, social support systems may play a crucial role in improving the life expectancy of people with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Strong personal networks can help individuals manage stress, maintain healthy habits, and navigate concerns and challenges that may arise due to the disorder. Support groups and group therapy tailored to individuals with ADHD can provide a sense of belonging and promote shared understanding in a way that further promotes emotional, mental, and physical well-being over time.
Improving ADHD life expectancy with better self-care
Structured routines may increase the life expectancy of individuals with ADHD. This strategy may be enhanced by establishing consistent mealtimes, sleep and wake-up times, medication schedules, and regular physical activity, which can help regulate energy levels and promote improved mental health. Additional measures, such as meditation, journaling, and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) with a licensed mental health professional can provide support, stability, and guidance in learning self-regulation.
Online therapy options
With an increasing demand for mental health services, online therapy through platforms like BetterHelp has become a viable option for individuals with ADHD. In contrast to face-to-face therapy, online therapy offers flexibility in geographic location, enabling clients to connect to sessions from anywhere they have access to a secure internet connection, thereby removing barriers to treatment, such as commuting and scheduling conflicts. This option also opens up availability to ADHD specialists, regardless of their location. Furthermore, telehealth options enable individuals to maintain consistent care, which may be crucial for long-term health management.
Digital platforms can provide structured programs that help individuals develop effective coping mechanisms, enhance executive functioning, and reduce impulsivity. Studies show that online therapy—particularly cognitive-behavioral therapy—is an effective method for managing ADHD symptoms. A 2023 randomized controlled trial found online cognitive behavioral therapy is a promising medical treatment for adults with ADHD, especially when paired with other treatment methods, such as medication. However, it notes that more developments are needed before internet-based cognitive-behavioral therapy can reach its potential.
Takeaway
Will my child with ADHD live a normal life?
Yes, children with ADHD can live normal lives. A childhood diagnosis often means that kids can receive the necessary resources and mental health support to thrive.
At what age does ADHD peak?
Every person with ADHD is different, so the age at which they experience the most severe ADHD symptoms may vary. However, the National Health Service and other resources note that symptoms usually start before age 12. Research suggests that ADHD tends to go through phases of acute symptoms, improvement, and relapse over time.
What makes ADHD people happy?
A few things that can benefit the mental health of individuals with ADHD include the following:
- Finding social connections and support
- Engaging in regular exercise
- Spending time in environments that set them up for success
- Overcoming shame and negative self-talk
- Seeking professional help and adhering to their treatment plan
What is the best lifestyle for ADHD?
The best lifestyle for ADHD may be one in which a person gets plenty of quality sleep each night, fuels their body with nutritious foods, exercises regularly, spends time with loved ones, minimizes alcohol and caffeine consumption, and engages in hobbies and activities they enjoy. Practicing healthy habits can reduce mental health challenges and reduce mortality risk. Seeking smoking cessation services and addressing potentially harmful alcohol use can also be beneficial.
What is the root cause of ADHD?
Like most mental health disorders, ADHD typically develops in response to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. There isn’t one specific root cause of the disorder.
What activities make ADHD worse?
Below are a few habits that can worsen ADHD symptoms:
- Primarily eating highly processed foods or foods that don’t provide much nutritional value
- Living a sedentary life
- Not getting enough sleep
- Discontinuing mental health treatment
How does ADHD affect sleep?
According to the Sleep Foundation, people with ADHD tend to be more likely to develop sleep disorders. They may also experience shorter sleep times and experience difficulty falling asleep and staying asleep.
Is ADHD linked to dementia?
A 2023 matched cohort study suggested that adult ADHD was associated with a higher risk of developing dementia later in life. However, this doesn’t mean that everyone with ADHD will develop dementia. A healthy lifestyle is thought to act as a protective factor against cognitive decline.
Can adults with ADHD live independently?
Adults with ADHD can live independently. It may be important for them to develop systems and routines to ensure they can effectively manage their bills, employment, and other responsibilities. Primary care data and electronic health records suggest that consistently adhering to treatment can help individuals with ADHD and other mental health disorders thrive.
What are the sad facts about ADHD?
Here are a few facts about ADHD of which to be aware:
- ADHD can co-occur with other mental health disorders like depression and anxiety. IQVIA medical research data emphasizes the need to seek health psychology services for those with co-occurring conditions.
- Research suggests that ADHD may be associated with asthma, a chronic respiratory disease.
- There may also be an association between ADHD and cardiovascular disease.
- Mortality data suggests an increased risk of premature death in individuals with ADHD, as well as a short life expectancy overall.
- Young adults with ADHD are overrepresented in the criminal justice system.
- Research suggests that health inequalities related to race and socioeconomic status can lead to unmet support needs and poorer life outcomes, such as the life expectancy deficit experienced by some individuals with ADHD.
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