Anger And Anxiety: Understanding The Connection And Impacts

Medically reviewed by April Justice, LICSW
Updated November 13, 2024by BetterHelp Editorial Team

Both anger and anxiety can be seen as natural emotional responses that a person may experience throughout their life. Anger may arise in response to frustrating situations, perceived threats, or injustices, while anxiety may stem from fear, uncertainty, and stress. While these two emotions may seem distinct, they can be connected and may influence one another. Understanding the link between anxiety and anger may be important for developing emotional balance and improving overall well-being. 

Both anxiety and anger can interfere with daily life and interpersonal relationships. Managing these emotions may involve treating the causes of underlying anxiety or anger through mindfulness or therapy with a mental health professional. 

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Understanding anger and anxiety

To understand the connection between anger and anxiety, it may be helpful to define these emotions and examine how they function on their own. Anger can be viewed as an emotional response to certain environmental stimuli, such as perceived threats, injustices, or frustration. Individuals may experience varying levels of anger, from mild irritation to intense angry outbursts that can be aggressive and violent. 

Anxiety, on the other hand, can be an emotional response to fear or uncertainty about future events, which may be related to stress. A person may feel anxious when they sense they are unable to change events or control outcomes. In nature, this may serve as an important fight-or-flight response that improves survival or enables a person to remain alert during times of danger. While anxiety can help us be prepared for challenges, excessive anxiety can lead to overwhelming worry and stress. 

Connecting stress, anxiety, depression, and anger

Anxiety and anger may also be connected to stress and depression. Each of these may increase the impact of the others and can make it challenging for mental health professionals to make a clear diagnosis. Below, explore the ways in which anxiety, anger, stress, and depression can be linked.      

Shared emotional triggers and physiological overlap

Anxiety, anger, stress, and depression may share similar emotional triggers. For example, a sense of powerlessness and fear may trigger both anxiety and anger, which may, in turn, trigger stress or depression over time. These emotions may also produce similar physiological responses in the body, which can include increased heart rate, blood pressure, and adrenaline. 

The impact of anger on anxiety, depression, and stress

Anger may exacerbate anxiety, depression, and stress. For example, when people feel angry, it may increase anxiety levels due to the challenge of regulating one’s emotions while angry. A person who is living with depression may also experience worsened symptoms due to anger. Those with depression may turn their anger inward or display increased irritability. 

Causes of co-occurring anger and anxiety

Co-occurring anger and anxiety may have a variety of causes, including chronic stress. Chronic stress tends to be persistent over long periods, which may increase anxiety. When stress levels rise, it may negatively impact emotional regulation, which can increase frustration and worry. 

A person may also experience anger and anxiety due to unresolved trauma or underlying mental health conditions. Past trauma may result in both anxiety and difficulties managing anger, as a person may feel angry about a specific situation and anxious that something like it could happen again. In some cases, the cause of co-occurring anger and anxiety could be a mental health disorder, such as bipolar disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, or panic disorder.     

Symptoms of anger in generalized anxiety disorder and other disorders

Mental health disorders may impact how a person experiences and manages both anger and anxiety. These disorders may have a variety of psychological and physical symptoms, which can vary from person to person. Common disorders that can involve anger and anxiety are generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and social anxiety disorder. 

Generalized anxiety disorder

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a mental health condition in which a person typically experiences excessive and uncontrollable worry over a wide range of everyday events or situations. Symptoms of GAD may include worry, muscle tension, and difficulty concentrating. Irritability and other anger symptoms may play a role in the development of GAD, and individuals who have high levels of anger may experience the symptoms of GAD at elevated levels, although updated evidence may be needed.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Individuals living with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) may experience persistent and intrusive thoughts called obsessions, and they may be driven to perform repetitive behaviors or mental acts referred to as compulsions to relieve the anxiety associated with obsessions. 

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Anger can occur in relation to OCD, and it may occur due to comorbid depression in individuals with OCD. While depression tends to manifest as emotional withdrawal or low energy, it can also lead to heightened irritability and frustration.

Social anxiety disorder

Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a mental health condition in which a person experiences extreme anxiety in social situations. While anger might not seem like a typical symptom of social anxiety, it can arise in response to the intense discomfort and emotional strain associated with the condition. People with SAD may experience feelings of anger due to their potential resentment of social expectations or as a defense mechanism in social situations. 

Impacts on daily life

Co-occurring anger and anxiety may have a variety of impacts on a person’s life. Physically, chronic anger and anxiety may lead to health concerns, such as hypertension and heart disease. They also may make it challenging to fall asleep and stay asleep, which can impact overall well-being. 

Anxiety and anger can also impact mental health, a person’s social life, and their interpersonal relationships. Anger and anxiety may exist cyclically, with increased anger leading to increased anxiety. A person living with anger and anxiety may find it challenging to build and maintain interpersonal relationships, which may lead to social withdrawal. 

Evidence-based treatment options

Treating co-occurring anger and anxiety may involve personal coping strategies, lifestyle changes, and treatment from mental health professionals. It can be important to note that the most effective form of treatment may vary from person to person, and improvements may take time. Explore evidence-based treatment options below. 

Mindfulness and relaxation 

Mindfulness and relaxation strategies usually involve techniques designed to bring a person into the present and reduce rumination on events of the past or future. Studies suggest that mindfulness techniques, such as deep breathing, journaling, and meditation, may reduce both anger and anxiety. These techniques can be used both in the moment and preventatively to reduce anxiety and improve anger management.  

Lifestyle changes

In some cases, anger and anxiety symptoms may be improved by implementing a few lifestyle changes. Sleeping habits are one lifestyle change that may improve overall mental health and reduce the impact of anger and anxiety. Developing strong sleeping habits can help the brain manage the stimuli it must process each day and can reduce fatigue, which may increase irritability and anxiety. 

In addition to sleep, it can be important to incorporate exercise into your daily routine. Exercise can increase endorphins, which are chemicals that can reduce pain and enhance mood. Those who exercise may feel angry less often, and regular exercise can reduce the impact of anxiety as well.   

Evidence-based treatment from a mental health professional

Outside of mindfulness practices and lifestyle changes, it may be beneficial to work with a mental health professional who can implement a variety of therapeutic techniques. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a common therapeutic intervention that can help a person manage anger and anxiety by identifying and restructuring unhelpful thought patterns.

A couple is attending their therapy session while both holding each other’s hand.
Getty/LordHenriVoton
Are you experiencing anger and anxiety?

Seeking support from a mental health professional

For individuals who experience both anger and anxiety, it may be beneficial to connect with a mental health professional. A licensed therapist can consider your mental health and well-being holistically and recommend a variety of interventions. 

Commuting to a brick-and-mortar office for therapy sessions may not always be feasible. Online therapy sessions can take place from any location with a personal device and internet connection. This means that you can attend therapy from the comfort of your own home at a time that works for you. 

Online therapy can effectively treat both anger and anxiety, according to a 2023 study. If you’re interested in seeking professional guidance in managing challenging emotions and mental health conditions, both in-person and online therapy can be beneficial options. 

Takeaway

Anger and anxiety are emotional responses that can impact one another and affect a person’s overall health. In some cases, anger may lead to anxiety, and increased anxiety may contribute to more anger. Managing these emotions can involve mindfulness practices, lifestyle changes, and in-person or online therapy.

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