Understanding Autism Anger Issues: Why They Occur And How To Cope
Anger in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can result from several factors, such as sensory overload, communication difficulties, and emotional regulation challenges. Here, we’ll explore the reasons behind autism-related anger and discover common mental health concerns that could contribute to anger in those with ASD. You’ll also explore practical tips for coping with autism and anger so you can better prevent and manage emotional outbursts. A licensed therapist can guide you in this process.
Autism anger issues: An overview
Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are often more prone to anger and frustration due to neurological differences that affect sensory experiences, information processing, and emotional regulation. Whereas neurotypical people may experience annoyance or mild frustration in certain situations, those with autism often have a lower threshold for frustration and anger, potentially leading to episodes of aggression or rage in some cases.
Additionally, those with autism spectrum disorder frequently encounter difficulties related to communication and social function, which can further contribute to episodes of anger and frustration. For example, they may have difficulty expressing themselves, interpreting social cues, or understanding others’ intentions, potentially leading to misunderstandings and heightened stress.
While ASD may lead individuals to be more vulnerable to anger and frustration, these challenges can be managed through tailored interventions like therapy, behavioral strategies, and effective coping skills. With the right support, individuals with autism can learn to recognize triggers, manage emotions, and reduce the intensity and frequency of anger episodes.
Autism, anger, and aggression: Causes and triggers
Understanding the root causes of anger—and the situations that trigger it—can be a good first step toward developing healthy coping skills. In individuals with autism, the following situations may lead to frustration, anxiety, and angry outbursts:
- Sensory overload: Sensory overload generally occurs when an individual with autism is overwhelmed by external stimuli, such as loud noises, bright lights, or strong smells. This can trigger anxiety, potentially leading to anger.
- Interpersonal difficulties: Individuals with autism may become frustrated by communication challenges or difficulties navigating social situations, which can trigger episodes of anger or interpersonal conflict.
- Changes in routine: Many individuals with autism rely on structure and predictability in their daily routines. Sudden changes, even minor ones, can lead to anxiety and distress, triggering anger as they struggle to adapt to the unexpected shift.
- Learning or task-related challenges: Tasks that are complex or unclear can be a source of frustration for those with autism. When they face difficulty understanding or completing a task, this frustration can escalate into anger, especially if they sense they are unsupported.
- Believing they are misunderstood or invalidated: Individuals with autism may believe that their experiences and needs are not understood or respected by others, which can be upsetting.
Anger management strategies for individuals with autism
Effectively managing anger in individuals with autism usually requires learning to prevent situations that could trigger anger and cope when confronted with an upsetting situation. With a multifaceted approach and professional guidance, people with autism are often successful in developing effective emotional regulation and coping skills. Consider the following:
1. Build a sensory toolkit
The sensory issues that accompany autism can lead to overwhelming experiences, which may be triggering. If bright lights, loud noises, or other stimuli are distressing, it may be helpful to create a sensory toolkit to help you manage. This might include noise-canceling headphones, earplugs, sunglasses, and other items that you can use to help you calm down and self-regulate when overstimulated.
2. Create structured routines
A structured routine can provide a sense of predictability and security, potentially reducing anxiety and mitigating upsetting situations. A consistent schedule may also ensure your needs are taken care of, which could prevent situations where fatigue, hunger, or physical discomfort may compromise emotional stability.
3. Learn relaxation techniques
Relaxation techniques can be an effective way to manage stress and reduce anger. These could include progressive muscle relaxation, deep breathing, guided imagery, and other calming strategies, which have been found helpful for those with autism who may be upset or overstimulated. It can also help to designate a cool-down space where you can retreat if you need to calm and center yourself in comfort.
4. Prioritize exercise and physical activity
Research suggests that regular physical activity can help autistic individuals lower anger levels and improve anger control. Aim for at least 30 minutes of exercise each day, even if it’s just a brisk walk. You can also use exercise to calm down when you’re upset. The endorphins released during exercise can calm your nervous system and boost your mood.
5. Practice social stories
If social situations often trigger anger and frustration, you may benefit from using social stories. These personalized narratives can explain social scenarios and appropriate responses, allowing you to better understand and prepare for interactions. Multiple studies have found social stories to be an effective way to improve social function in autistic individuals.
6. Cultivate mindfulness
Mindfulness is a skill that may help you focus on the present moment with acceptance and observe your emotions without letting them control you. Learning mindfulness can reduce stress, anxiety, and aggression in individuals with autism. You can develop mindfulness through meditation, self-study, and journaling, as well as through mindfulness-based therapies.
7. Use cognitive behavioral techniques
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) can effectively help those with autism improve emotional regulation by identifying and challenging unhelpful thoughts. For example, if you feel angry because you believe someone is ignoring you, you could reframe the thought by considering that they could be busy or distracted. You can learn CBT techniques through online worksheets, CBT workbooks, or therapy.
Mental disorders and anger: A closer look
Anger in individuals with autism can often be linked to co-occurring mental disorders, and symptoms frequently overlap. Thus, it can be beneficial to consider any other mental health challenges that may be present alongside autism. The following mental health disorders could account for patterns of frustration, anger, and aggression in individuals with autism:
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Research shows that approximately 50% to 70% of individuals with autism also have comorbid ADHD, and symptoms like impulsivity and emotional regulation often overlap. Thus, it may be important for individuals with autism to be screened by a professional for ADHD, as ADHD-specific interventions may reduce anger and frustration that arise from managing tasks, staying organized, focusing, and controlling impulses.
Intermittent explosive disorder (IED)
Intermittent explosive disorder (IED) is a mental health condition typically characterized by sudden, intense outbursts of anger or aggression, often disproportionate to the situation.
This disorder often co-occurs with ASD, making emotional regulation even more challenging and increasing the likelihood of frequent, uncontrollable anger episodes.
Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD)
Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD) is a diagnosis normally marked by severe irritability and frequent temper outbursts that are developmentally inappropriate.
It tends to be particularly common in children and teens with autism, with symptoms appearing more frequently than in neurotypical children.
Anxiety disorders
Many people with autism also experience anxiety disorders. Although updated evidence may be needed, research shows that nearly 40% of young people with autism have at least one anxiety disorder, with specific phobias being the most common at about 30%, followed by obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and social anxiety. Anxiety can make it harder for those with autism to self-regulate, potentially leading to anger in stressful situations.
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can develop after a person experiences or witnesses trauma, such as domestic violence or an accident. Research suggests that young people with autism may be at higher risk for trauma. One study found that 18 out of 69 participants with ASD had experienced trauma, and 12 were diagnosed with PTSD. PTSD could exacerbate symptoms, and anger and aggression related to the trauma could potentially be mistaken for autism symptoms.
Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)
Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is a behavioral disorder usually characterized by persistent anger, irritability, defiance, and vindictiveness toward authority figures. Children with autism who have ODD might show these behaviors for different reasons, such as anxiety, ADHD, or difficulty with emotional regulation. Thus, it may be important to consider underlying mental health challenges that could be contributing to ODD.
Treatment and therapy options for autism anger issues
From behavioral therapies to mindfulness techniques, there are numerous options available to help those with autism improve their emotional regulation skills. The following are commonly used to support individuals with autism in managing anger:
- Cognitive-behavioral therapy generally focuses on recognizing anger triggers and developing healthier coping strategies.
- Mindfulness-based therapies can teach individuals to stay present and manage emotions through mindfulness techniques.
- Social skills training may help individuals with autism navigate social interactions that can lead to anger and frustration.
- Occupational therapy typically addresses sensory processing issues that can lead to anger in individuals with autism.
- Medication management from a doctor can involve prescribing medications to manage underlying conditions that may contribute to anger.
Online mental health support for anger management
Whether you live with autism spectrum disorder or are caring for a loved one who is, know that mental health support is available online. BetterHelp can connect you with a licensed mental health professional trained in anger management techniques for weekly virtual therapy. With compassionate, evidence-based mental healthcare through BetterHelp, you can find lasting solutions for managing anger and frustration in a healthy way.
Research has shown online therapy to be just as effective as in-person therapy, and it may be an option for those in need of a convenient, cost-effective way to receive care.
Takeaway
Frequently asked questions
Can autism anger issues lead to domestic violence?
While not common, untreated anger issues in individuals with autism may contribute to conflict in relationships, which can escalate. Early intervention and treatment can be crucial for managing anger and preventing such outcomes.
What role does therapy play in managing anger issues and mental disorders?
Therapy can help individuals with autism manage anger by addressing both the emotional triggers and any underlying mental health disorders. Therapies like CBT and social skills training can teach effective coping strategies and help those with autism develop emotional regulation.
How could a mental disorder affect anger in an individual with autism?
Mental health conditions, such as anxiety, depression, and ADHD, can worsen anger issues in individuals with autism, potentially making it harder for them to cope with frustration and stress. Treating these disorders can alleviate anger symptoms.
Can autism anger issues be managed with treatment for other mental health conditions?
Yes, addressing co-occurring mental health conditions like ADHD or anxiety through medication or therapy may reduce autism anger issues. Treatment that focuses on the underlying mental disorders often leads to better emotional control.
What triggers autism anger?
Sometimes autistic people have anger outbursts when they feel overwhelmed. They may be overwhelmed by sensory overload, difficulty in communication, a change in routine, stress, an expectation to do multiple tasks at once, or some other factor. Since many people with autism have sensory processing difficulties, they may become overwhelmed by sensory stimuli that don't bother most people. A good way to approach autism anger is to identify triggers and develop coping strategies that can be employed when those triggers are encountered.
What is the rage cycle in autism?
The rage cycle in autism may involve rumbling, rage, and recovery. Rumbling refers to early signs of anger, such as a change in body language or reduction of communication. Rage involves full-blown anger. Once the rage passes, a person may be in recovery, during which they have a low mood or feel ashamed or regretful about how they acted while upset. The best approach to the rage cycle is to identify what triggers anger, develop coping skills, and implement these strategies when triggers are encountered. Many people with autism struggle to identify their own emotions, so they may want help from a qualified healthcare professional or therapist as they go about identifying triggers and implementing effective strategies.
How do you calm down an autistic rage?
When an autistic person is in a rage, they are likely very overwhelmed. Do not raise your voice or argue with them while they are in this state. Instead, stay calm and gently ask what they would like to do to calm down. If they want time alone, allow them to have it. If they are in a loud or bright place, consider helping them move somewhere less stimulating. While it may be difficult to calm down autistic rage in the moment, people can develop personalized strategies to reduce outbursts over the long-term. People with autism can work with a therapist or other professional to develop collaborative and proactive solutions to their social problems, including angry outbursts. They can develop strategies to employ anger management skills in response to situations that have triggered anger in the past.
What is Asperger's rage syndrome?
Asperger's rage is an out-of-date term used to describe anger experienced by people with autism spectrum disorders. At one point in time, people who were said to have "high-functioning autism" were given the diagnosis of Asperger's syndrome. Since 2013, Asperger's syndrome has not been an available diagnosis. Instead, all people on the autism spectrum are diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and no longer placed in different categories based on their ability to function without outside help.
What does autistic rage look like?
Autistic rage can look different from person to person. Some people may exhibit aggressive behaviors, while others may shut down and stop speaking or go into a different room to be alone. Others may engage in repetitive behaviors in an attempt to soothe themselves, such as making repetitive movements. If a person also has oppositional defiance disorder, they may be argumentative and resist authority.
What is the best mood stabilizer for anger in autism?
Research has returned mixed results on mood stabilizers for people with autism, so it isn't clear which one is best. A psychiatrist may try different mood stabilizers or other medications to see how they help an autistic person with mood swings and anger. Other approaches to managing angry outbursts can include positive reinforcement of healthy ways of dealing with anger and developing strategies to manage anger and other emotions throughout daily life.
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