What Does A Nervous Breakdown Feel Like?

Medically reviewed by Paige Henry, LMSW, J.D.
Updated October 8, 2024by BetterHelp Editorial Team
Please be advised, the below article might mention trauma-related topics that include suicide, substance use, or abuse which could be triggering to the reader.
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A nervous breakdown, to say the least, is probably not something that anyone wants to go through. While it’s not a medical term or a formal diagnosis, the term “nervous breakdown” is widely used to describe a period of extreme overwhelm that can impact a person’s functioning and overall mental health. Even though it doesn’t have an official diagnostic meaning, it is a very serious concern. 

A nervous breakdown is like a full system shutdown in many ways.

Characterized largely by mental health symptoms affiliated with anxiety disorders and depression, a nervous breakdown often occurs when it all seems like too much.

So, what are the signs of a nervous breakdown? What are the causes, and what can you do if it happens to you?

What causes a nervous breakdown?

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Are you feeling symptoms of a nervous breakdown?
Several things can contribute to a nervous breakdown, and it’s often a combination of factors at play. Potential causes include the following.

Traumatic event

A stressful or traumatic event could be the cause of a breakdown. Examples of traumatic events may include but aren’t limited to natural disasters, the loss of a loved one, abuse,* losing one’s home, and physical health complications or injuries. Experiencing overwhelming stress and shock associated with trauma or a sudden tragedy can cause a breakdown-like mental health crisis.

Prolonged stress

A nervous breakdown will not typically occur after one isolated stressful day. However, if life’s stresses — work stress, financial stress, familial stress, or stress from another source — pile on, it can lead to a nervous breakdown.

Someone may be at higher risk of a nervous breakdown if they live with mental health conditions. Many mental health conditions can exacerbate the symptoms of a nervous or mental breakdown, such as depression or anxiety disorders. Life changes, such as a divorce, may also be a cause or contributing factor. Believing you are alone or unable to rest or take time off during stressful situations in daily life can make it more likely that a person will reach this point, as both are affiliated with higher stress levels.
The symptoms of a nervous breakdown vary, so it can be important to be aware of the several signs that you could be having a breakdown. Understanding the symptoms of a mental breakdown can help you understand what nervous breakdowns might feel like and identify if you or someone you love may need support. 

These mental breakdown symptoms should not be ignored, and the mind and body should get the rest they require when these symptoms start to emerge.

What does a nervous breakdown feel like?

It can be important to address the signs and symptoms of a nervous breakdown — or what could be the start of one — as soon as you can. What does a nervous breakdown feel like? Here are some potential signs and symptoms that a nervous breakdown is affecting a person’s mental state.

Trouble sleeping

Trouble sleeping can take a number of different forms. This might mean poor sleep quality, trouble falling asleep, sleeping too little, or sleeping too much. On its own, this is not necessarily indicative of a nervous breakdown. Trouble sleeping is a possible symptom of a number of different mental and physical problems. However, if it’s paired with other symptoms, this could be the case, and regardless, it is likely time to seek professional help, especially if the problem is ongoing.

Irritability

When we are at our breaking point, it can be common to be irritable or agitated. A person undergoing a mental breakdown may be irritable or get irritated more easily. Mood changes, whether in the form of mood swings (for example, sadness to agitation) or a low or depressed mood, which may pair with symptoms such as loss of interest in activities, are also very common.

Excessive worry

Excessive worry is a common symptom of various underlying mental health conditions like generalized anxiety disorder, acute stress disorder, or other mental health issues, and it may also occur during a nervous breakdown. You might experience symptoms such as heart palpitations, racing thoughts, fearful thoughts, or even panic attacks.

Physical symptoms

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The extreme stress or shock to the mind affiliated with a nervous breakdown can come with not only intense mental distress and anxiety symptoms but also several physical symptoms. These may include but are not limited to body aches, physical fatigue, gastrointestinal distress, high blood pressure, tense muscles, headaches, sweats (hot and cold flushes), and other issues that can affect body function. In addition to affecting appetite, stress can also impact metabolism, leading to weight fluctuations.

Difficulty with self-care

Someone experiencing a nervous breakdown might start to have trouble with self-care and may have difficulty maintaining personal hygiene. For example, someone might have trouble bathing, brushing their teeth, or taking care of their hair. They may also experience difficulty keeping up with their obligations, such as showing up to appointments or remembering what they have to do at work or in other aspects of their day-to-day life.

Becoming socially distant

You or someone you know who is facing a nervous breakdown may become distant from the people in their lives. Sometimes, this can pair with irritability or emotional outbursts. A person might have difficulty concentrating or push others away and may seem unlike themselves. It could also be that someone stops replying to text messages, no longer shows up to hangouts or events, or starts losing interest in things they used to enjoy.

Comorbid mental health conditions

Psychiatric symptoms of a mental breakdown may be associated with an underlying mental health condition. Some of these conditions include:

  • Major depressive disorder (MDD).
  • Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD).
  • Panic disorder.
  • Acute stress disorder (ASD).
  • Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
  • Bipolar disorder.
  • Borderline personality disorder (BPD).
  • Schizophrenia.

Note that a nervous or mental breakdown can occur in individuals with or without a mental health diagnosis, often as a result of too much stress, overwhelming life events, or a combination of factors that may include poor coping skills and family history. Seeking professional help from a mental health provider may be crucial for assessment, diagnosis, and appropriate treatment.

What if you’re the one who’s experiencing a mental health crisis?

If you’re the one who is worried about potentially having a nervous breakdown, recognizing the symptoms is a useful thing. Recognizing the common signs that something might be off can be the first step toward getting the help you need. Whether the concern is a mental health condition like anxiety and depression, excessive stress in everyday life, or something else, you must get the help you need and take steps toward self-care — even if this just means meditating or conducting a deep-breathing exercise for five minutes. You can also try the progressive muscle relaxation technique, in which you start systematically tensing and then relaxing muscle groups in your body, promoting relaxation and reducing physical tension, aiding in chronic stress relief and overall well-being.

It’s also vital to note that you do not have to reach the point of a mental health crisis to ask for help. A nervous breakdown can be a sign of a serious mental illness or medical condition, and it can lead to serious mental and physical distress or even self-harm.** When it comes to preventing a nervous breakdown, try some of the following steps:

  • Slow down. Allow yourself to take a break. Lighten your load in any way that you can.
  • Practice self-care. Taking care of yourself when you’re experiencing intense stress can be crucial. Lifestyle modifications can include avoiding alcohol and recreational drugs, improving sleep habits, and practicing progressive muscle relaxation or breathing exercises.
  • Reach out. Tell someone what you’re going through, whether that’s a loved one, a mental healthcare provider, or a support group. If you are at immediate risk of self-harm, contact a crisis hotline.

If you’re experiencing a mental breakdown or think that you might be, reach out to a mental healthcare provider, your primary care physician, or someone else in the medical community. Wellness professionals can give you a physical exam and rule out certain underlying conditions. They may be able to refer you to a mental healthcare professional, write a note for your workplace, or provide information about other treatment options if applicable. In some cases, a healthcare provider may be able to prescribe medication for your symptoms. Make sure that you consult with your doctor or another healthcare professional before considering any medication options.

Seeking therapy

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Are you feeling symptoms of a nervous breakdown?

Seeking talk therapy can help you address emotional stress or a nervous breakdown, recover from a mental health crisis, or prevent future occurrences of emotional distress. In therapy, you can discover coping skills and ways to care for your mental health as a unique individual. Your provider should take your unique circumstances into mind.

If there is an underlying cause, such as trauma-related stress or other mental health conditions, a mental health professional can help you address these concerns. If you’re seeking care, you can look for a therapist who practices near you or sign up for a reputable online talk therapy platform like BetterHelp. Peer-reviewed studies have shown that for managing the symptoms of a variety of mental health concerns, including those typically associated with nervous breakdowns.

The BetterHelp platform makes it fast and easy to start working with a counselor or therapist. To get started, all you have to do is take a quick questionnaire, and you’ll get paired with a licensed provider. If the first therapist or counselor you see isn’t a good match, BetterHelp makes switching seamless. BetterHelp makes it easy for you to manage settings and customize your experience when it comes to the way you participate in therapy.

Takeaway

A Nervous breakdown isn’t a technical mental health term, but it could be a sign of other underlying mental health conditions. Seeking help in these circumstances may be key.

Whether you want to talk about personal mental health, relationships, or something else, mental health professionals can help, so don’t hesitate to reach out to a provider in your area or take the first steps toward seeing an online therapist today.

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