Child Autism: Therapy Available For Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurological and developmental disorder. Though ASD can be diagnosed at any age, symptoms appear in early childhood, which is why many children are diagnosed early. Autism affects individuals in varying degrees, influencing the way both children and adults engage with the world around them. For parents of children with autism, early intervention and supportive therapeutic approaches may support your child’s development. Below, explore different types of child autism therapy, how they work, and ways to find child autism support that works for you and your family.
What is autism spectrum disorder (ASD)?
Understanding autism in children
Children with autism spectrum disorder can exhibit a wide range of symptoms and characteristics, with the term "spectrum" highlighting the variation in severity among individuals with ASD. Parents may notice differences in their child’s social interactions, communication skills, and behavior compared to their peers.
Some children with autism may benefit from minimal support, while others require extensive assistance in daily life. Since ASD manifests differently in every child, recognizing the early signs allows caregivers and loved ones to seek appropriate support and therapy.
Symptoms of autism in children
Symptoms of autism spectrum disorder can significantly vary, but in children, early symptoms often include challenges in verbal and non-verbal communication, difficulties forming social relationships, and repetitive behaviors. Some children may have heightened sensory sensitivities or have trouble with transitions.
Identifying these early symptoms can help families and caregivers access specialized interventions and therapy that can enhance a child's communication, social, and daily living skills. Below is a list of common child autism symptoms:
- Communication challenges: Delayed speech development, difficulty maintaining conversations, echolalia (repeating words or phrases), limited use of gestures
- Social challenges: Avoiding eye contact, difficulty understanding social cues, limited interest in playing with peers, difficulty forming relationships
- Repetitive behaviors: Engaging in repetitive movements like hand-flapping or rocking, insistence on sameness, an intense focus on specific topics or objects
- Sensory sensitivities: Overreacting or underreacting to sensory input such as loud noises, bright lights, certain textures, or strong smells
- Restricted interests: Attachment to specific objects, deep fascination with particular subjects, playing in repetitive or nonfunctional ways
- Difficulty with changes in routine: Becoming distressed with unexpected changes, relying on rigid routines for comfort
- Emotional regulation challenges: Experiencing meltdowns or shutdowns in overwhelming situations and difficulty expressing emotions effectively
A child with ASD may become extremely upset when their daily routine is altered, such as when their route to school is changed. Another child might have difficulty making friends because they do not understand nonverbal social cues like facial expressions or tone of voice. Additionally, a child may focus intensely on a single topic and have difficulty shifting attention to other activities, making education or interactions with peers challenging.
What types of child autism therapy are available?
The therapies available for children with autism are designed to support different aspects of development, including behavior, communication, socialization, and motor skills. Depending on their individual needs, children may benefit from one or a combination of therapies.
The most common approaches include applied behavior analysis, occupational therapy, speech and language therapy, and other forms of intervention tailored to the child’s specific challenges and strengths. However, controversy surrounding ABA has led to studies that have shown other therapeutic approaches may be more effective in supporting children with autism. When choosing how to support children with autism, research all options and look at the concerns surrounding ABA.
Understanding applied behavior analysis (ABA) therapy controversies and history
Applied behavior analysis (ABA) therapy has historically been one of the most widely used and researched behavioral interventions for autism. ABA intends to reinforce desired behavior and reduce behaviors that may hinder learning or social skills and interaction. By utilizing positive reinforcement, children are encouraged to develop skills that support their independence and well-being. Any interventions that use negative interventions or punishment are not ethical nor safe for children.
Is applied behavior analysis safe and ethical? Understanding controversies surrounding this treatment
Note that depending on the program, ABA and early intervention programs may be unethical. Some ethical concerns have arisen about ABA programs because they often involve extensive hours in therapy, with some children having upwards of 40 hours a week of therapy. In addition, those who agree with theories involving neurodiversity may see autism as a brain difference and not a disability that needs to be changed.
Pushing children to stop stimming, make eye contact, or talk may not actually be in their best interest if it causes them extreme distress. Studies have found that forcing Autistic people to make eye contact causes their cognitive function to decrease, not the other way around.
Alternatives to ABA for autism treatment and support: Occupational therapy and CBT
Below are some alternatives to ABA that may be helpful for children with autism.
Occupational therapy (OT)
Occupational therapy (OT) is an evidence-based intervention used to treat children with autism, helping them develop skills for everyday activities. This therapy modality focuses on improving motor coordination, sensory processing, and self-care routines like dressing and feeding. Additionally, OT enhances a child’s ability to navigate social interactions and academic environments, promoting independence and confidence.
Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)
While ABA and OT address behavioral and motor skills, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) targets emotional regulation and thought patterns. Research shows that this therapy is particularly beneficial for children with ASD who experience anxiety, frustration, or difficulty understanding their emotions. CBT may help clients identify negative thoughts and develop coping mechanisms to manage stress and social challenges effectively.
Other autism treatment and therapy options
Beyond the primary interventions, additional therapies may support children with autism in unique ways. These approaches can be used alongside ABA, OT, or CBT to provide a well-rounded treatment plan.
Pivotal response treatment
Pivotal response treatment (PRT) is a naturalistic intervention that targets key developmental areas, including motivation, self-regulation, and social engagement. Instead of focusing on individual behaviors, PRT aims to enhance broader skills that contribute to overall development.
For example, if a child enjoys playing with toy cars, a therapist might use the cars as a tool to encourage communication. Instead of handing the child a car, the therapist might hold onto it and wait for the child to make eye contact, attempt to say "car," or use another form of communication before giving it to them. Over time, this approach can help the child develop social and language skills naturally and engagingly.
Sensory integration therapy
Sensory integration therapy can help children with sensory processing difficulties better manage their responses to sensory stimuli. This therapy exposes children to sensory experiences in a controlled environment, allowing them to develop strategies for processing and reacting to stimuli in a way that supports their daily functioning.
One example of this practice might apply to children who are highly sensitive to noisy environments, such as the grocery store. In sensory integration therapy, the child might engage in structured activities such as listening to different background noise levels in a controlled setting. The therapist may gradually increase the intensity over time, helping the child become more comfortable with these sounds and emotional regulation skills.
Online therapy for parents of children with autism
With ongoing advancements in technology, many forms of therapy are now accessible online, providing flexibility, convenience, and more affordability for individuals and families. Through further research on online therapy options for treating children with autism is required, virtual therapy may be helpful for parents and caregivers seeking guidance through the journey of supporting their child. Through platforms like BetterHelp, clients can access cost-effective services and weekly support groups outside of sessions. Teens with autism can access therapy through platforms like TeenCounseling for those aged 13 to 19.
Research shows that online therapy can be equally as effective as in-person therapy for adults seeking help with conditions such as anxiety and depression. Additionally, online therapy can be particularly beneficial for families with full-time caregiving responsibilities or those seeking a provider familiar with the challenges of supporting and treating a child with autism.
Takeaway
What is the best age for autism therapy?
In general, it’s best to seek resources for children with autism as soon as possible after receiving a formal diagnosis. This can ensure they have the support they deserve throughout their school years. Depending on the child’s specific challenges, various interventions may be beneficial. These can include physical therapy, social skills training, pivotal response training, speech therapy, and other therapies, such as working with occupational therapists and behavior analysts in a structured environment.
What is the hardest age with a child with autism?
Each child with autism spectrum disorder is different. However, many parents believe ages six through 12 are especially challenging due to changes in academic, social, and behavioral expectations. Your child’s school may have various resources available to help your child succeed.
Will my seven-year-old child with autism ever talk?
Some nonverbal children with autism never speak. Others with language delays may gain the ability to communicate verbally later in life. It can be possible to communicate with nonverbal individuals through nonverbal cues, sign language, and assistive technology.
What is the hardest part of life for a child with autism?
Some of the biggest challenges for children with autism include navigating social situations and managing emotions. Therapy and other treatments are often helpful forms of support for children and young adults with autism spectrum disorder.
At what age can an child with autism speak fluently?
Although updated research is needed, a 2013 study of language-delayed children with autism stated that:
- 70% of participants attained phrase speech at or after age four
- 47% of participants attained fluent speech at or after age four
In many cases, early identification of autism and any co-occurring medical conditions can support learning verbal communication and other skills. Various educational approaches can help children learn positive behaviors and emotion management strategies.
How can you calm a child with autism?
If possible, taking your child to a quiet, less stimulating environment can be helpful. Guiding them through deep breathing exercises and giving them the space and time they need to calm down can be helpful.
What parenting style is best for autism?
The authoritative parenting style is considered most effective for children with autism and children in general. This parenting style involves clear rules and consequences but also considers the child’s point of view.
How do you discipline a child with autism?
Remaining calm, rewarding positive behavior, being consistent, and clearly explaining their behavior and its consequences can be helpful. Avoid punishing children with autism for behaviors like stimming, as this can be detrimental to their mental health.
What is the best lifestyle for autism?
A healthy lifestyle with nutritious eating habits, regular exercise, plenty of sleep, and time to engage in hobbies and interests can be beneficial. Choosing to frequently spend time in natural settings can also promote good mental health.
What medication is used to calm children with autism?
Medication may be prescribed in some cases, but it isn’t the right choice for every child, and it can lead to negative side effects. If you’re interested in exploring medication options, speak to your child’s pediatrician.
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