Navigating Asynchronous Communication: Mental Health Implications

In the age of digital connection, asynchronous communication (communication that occurs remotely and does not require an immediate response) appears to have become more common in the workplace, with loved ones, and online. Various forms of this type of communication can be helpful when you must communicate long-distance or share information that cannot be expressed verbally. However, increased asynchronous communication can also contribute to social isolation. Learn about the benefits and drawbacks of this type of communication in personal and professional life, as well as its potential mental health implications. If social isolation or communication challenges are impacting your mental health, consider reaching out to a licensed therapist for support.

What is asynchronous communication? 

According to Microsoft, asynchronous communication (sometimes called “async communication”) involves communicating with others at different times, rather than simultaneously. This type of communication usually involves indirect conversation, often over project management tools, email, and text or audio messages. 

Although this type of communication may be most commonly used in a professional environment, people frequently communicate this way with family members and friends as well. 

In some cases, asynchronous communication may be the only option. In others, it may be preferred due to efficiency or comfort levels. 

In 2019, before the pandemic began, approximately nine million people worked remotely.

Now, over 22 million people in the US work from home. The COVID-19 pandemic likely contributed to the growing trend of asynchronous communication.

When working from home, asynchronous communication can be common and often takes place through platforms like Slack and Microsoft Teams, where companies can use group messaging without having frequent meetings.  

The benefits of this type of communication

Communicating primarily online or through indirect methods, like emails or text messages, can have benefits and drawbacks. Below are a few of the advantages. 

Communicating less urgent tasks and ideas at work

In some cases, frequent face-to-face meetings or video calls can lead to frustration and take up the time someone could use to complete deep work. In some cases, the information that must be communicated may be short or non-essential, so people might send a quick message or email to their coworkers, rather than scheduling a call.

This method might be helpful for reminders, quick notes, or compliments. Setting up and attending a video call to share a short message often takes up more time than necessary, and frequent video calls can hinder productivity. Asynchronous messages can be quicker, more convenient, and less distracting.

Connecting long distance 

Long-distance relationships and connections can be challenging. Although video calls can be a helpful way to communicate with those you love from a distance, scheduling them can be challenging, especially when you live in different time zones. 

Those in long-distance relationships can communicate asynchronously instead or in addition to video calls. When an immediate response isn’t expected, it can be easier to send messages at convenient times, knowing the other person will respond when they are free. In addition, various forms of online asynchronous communication allow people to easily send pictures, videos, and text. 

Sharing more complex instructions 

When an in-person conversation would be unhealthy 

Talking to someone in person isn’t always feasible or healthy. For example, divorced individuals who co-parent but struggle to communicate healthily in person might communicate primarily through text messages. 

When someone violates your boundaries, asynchronous written communication may allow you to block them or choose not to respond without having to engage in a face-to-face confrontation. This form of communication can be safer for those who have experienced abuse, unhealthy relationships, or frightening situations. In addition, having visual proof of harmful messages can help individuals file legal reports in some cases.

If you or a loved one is experiencing abuse, contact the Domestic Violence Hotline at 1-800-799-SAFE (7233). Support is available 24/7.

Synchronous and asynchronous communication: When is synchronous communication preferred? 

Synchronous communication or real-time communication can be seen as the opposite of asynchronous communication. This form typically involves face-to-face interaction, whether in person or online. Synchronous communication examples can include video calls, phone calls, and speaking in person. Below are a couple of situations in which synchronous communication might be more effective. 

When working with a team

If you’re working on an important project with a team, there may be multiple messages to share with multiple people. Although platforms like Slack and various types of project management software can allow multiple people to communicate at once through group chats and lists, having a team leader or structured conversation over a video chat might be more productive. These meetings typically allow someone to share their screen and show the team how to work through a task. 

For an in-person team, face-to-face meetings might be more effective than other modes of sharing information. A quick meeting at the beginning of the workday may motivate employees to succeed and offer a chance to get answers to any questions individuals may have. In addition, verbal communication can be more personable, allowing coworkers to connect. 

In general, synchronous communication ensures immediate responses, so it can be the best choice for situations that must be discussed or resolved immediately.

When you want to make the conversation more personal 

Asynchronous communication isn’t necessarily ideal for forging genuine connections, as there is usually a sense of distance involved. Therefore, synchronous communication is often preferred for personal and emotional conversations. When two individuals speak face-to-face, it can be easier to communicate nonverbally as well as with words.  

It can be challenging to accurately express your thoughts and emotions through asynchronous communication, and some people may find it impersonal and insulting if someone sends them an important message virtually instead of communicating it in person. For example, ending a relationship with a text message rather than in person can be seen as disingenuous and even rude. 

Asynchronous communication tools and examples 

Tools frequently used for asynchronous communication may include the following: 

• Team chat platforms like Slack
• Instant messaging platforms like WhatsApp and Messenger 
• Social media platforms like Facebook and Instagram
• Dating apps
• Team management software
• Letters
• Sticky notes
• Signs
• Audio messages
• Lecture and meeting recordings that can be viewed after the fact
• Comment features in documents

The mental health implications of asynchronous communication

Asynchronous communication can have mental health benefits and consequences. Below are some of the potential mental health benefits to consider: 

• Reduced social anxiety 
• No pressure to send an immediate response 
• The ability to multitask and work on more than one project while communicating 
• A sense of love and connection when communicating with long-distance loved ones 
• Reduced stress and anxiety related to meetings 
• Reduced performance anxiety 
• More time to review materials or messages on your own, which can allow you to fully process the information before responding

Potential mental health consequences associated with asynchronous communication could include the following: 

• Social isolation, which could contribute to depression and anxiety 
• Miscommunication or misunderstandings that may lead to conflict due to relying on someone’s words without being able to observe their nonverbal cues
• A lack of deep, genuine connections with others 

How to use asynchronous communication effectively

When communicating asynchronously, consider the following tips: 

• Be clear and direct with your words
• Clarify what you mean if others are confused
• Use professional language at work
• Avoid sending numerous messages in a row
• Ask for consent before sending personal information or images
• Include step-by-step instructions for complicated requests
• State your intentions when sending an emotional or complex message 

Mental health support options 

Communication and relationships can be complicated, and mental health can sometimes get in the way of healthy communication. However, a busy schedule, financial obligations, and other challenges can lead people not to seek support. In these cases, online therapy through a platform like BetterHelp may be a more accessible option. You do not have to have a mental illness to talk to a therapist. 

Through an online platform, clients can meet with a therapist from home. If you prefer asynchronous communication, online platforms allow for live chat sessions with your therapist. You can also choose phone or video sessions depending on your comfort level and preferences. Other options, like group sessions, can offer additional ways to connect with others. 

Studies suggest that online therapy may be especially effective in supporting those with anxiety and depression, both of which may impact your ability to communicate effectively. Addressing your symptoms in online therapy may empower you to communicate and connect with others more easily.