Exploring Stigma And Social Attitudes Towards Dementia
Dementia is a condition that affects millions of people worldwide, yet it is often misunderstood and surrounded by stigma. Social attitudes towards dementia can profoundly impact those living with the condition, as well as their families and caregivers. To understand this topic, it may be helpful to further explore the stigma and social attitudes towards dementia, shedding light on common misconceptions and highlighting the benefits of raising Alzheimer's disease and dementia awareness.
What is dementia?
Dementia is an umbrella term used to describe a range of progressive neurological disorders that affect memory, thinking, behavior, and the ability to perform everyday activities. According to a 2024 report released by the Alzheimer's Association, nearly seven million Americans are living with Alzheimer's or other dementia.
Dementia is caused by damage to brain cells, leading to a decline in cognitive functions that can significantly impact a person’s daily life. Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of dementia, accounting for 60% to 80% of cases. Other forms include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and young onset dementia, which affects individuals under the age of 65.
How stereotypes and stigma can hurt
People with dementia often face stereotypes, stigma, and misconceptions that contribute to negative attitudes from the public and social isolation. The Alzheimer’s Society cites stigma as “one of the biggest barriers for people living with dementia to live fully with dignity and respect.”
Stereotyping and stigma tend to come in many forms, some of which include:
- Insufficient awareness about dementia
- Harmful and incorrect assumptions
- Negative terminology
- Belittling and jokes
- Self-stigma based on societal messages
- Lack of support following diagnosis
The social stigma and stereotypes surrounding dementia are profoundly harmful and can negatively affect the lives of people living with dementia, their families, and their caregivers in many ways.
This stigma can prevent individuals from seeking early diagnosis and treatment, which is often crucial for managing symptoms and planning for the future. Negative attitudes also affect family members and caregivers, who may become ashamed or burdened, potentially reducing their willingness to seek help or utilize available resources. On an extensive scale, stigma can lead to inadequate funding and support for dementia research and care.
Dementia misconceptions vs. reality
Dementia misconceptions often harm individuals affected by dementia, impacting their self-esteem, mental health, and treatment opportunities. The following list breaks down harmful dementia misconceptions vs. their reality.
Misconception: Dementia is a normal part of aging
Misconception: People with dementia are always confused and cannot understand anything
Reality: People with dementia may have memory loss and cognitive impairments, but they can still experience moments of clarity and understanding. The severity and progression of symptoms can vary significantly among individuals. In addition, several forms of dementia occur in stages, and those in the beginning stages may retain most of their previous abilities and be able to connect with others. Seeing those with dementia as valuable persons can be crucial to ensuring their wishes and boundaries are respected.
Misconception: Dementia only affects the elderly
Reality: While the risk of dementia increases with age, young-onset dementia can occur in people under 65, affecting their professional and family lives significantly.
Misconception: People with dementia cannot live meaningful lives
Reality: With appropriate support and care, people with dementia can continue to lead fulfilling lives, engage in activities they enjoy, and maintain relationships.
Misconception: Dementia is solely a memory loss condition
Reality: While memory loss is often a prominent symptom of dementia, dementia also affects thinking, problem-solving, language, and behavior, impacting daily functioning.
Misconception: There is no point in diagnosing dementia early since there is no cure
Reality: Early diagnosis allows for more effective planning, access to treatments that can slow progression, and support for the person living with dementia and their family members.
The importance of ending the stigma
Ending dementia stigma can improve the lives of people living with dementia as well as for their families. Reducing stigma involves changing negative attitudes and misconceptions through education and awareness. Organizations like Alzheimer's Disease International, the Alzheimer’s Association, and Alzheimer’s Society raise awareness about dementia and advocate for the rights of people living with the conditions that cause it.
Treatment and therapy
While there is currently no cure for dementia, various treatments and therapies may help individuals manage symptoms and improve their quality of life. Medications can slow the progression of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, while particular forms of therapy, like cognitive stimulation, occupational therapy, and social engagement, can enhance mental health and well-being. Talk therapy can also help individuals cope with the emotional aspects of dementia, reducing anxiety and depression.
Resources for family members and caregivers can be equally important, as these individuals often play a critical role in the care and support of people with dementia. Research shows cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) offers valuable support to people affected by a loved one’s dementia. CBT can educate and help family members and caregivers develop effective coping strategies to reduce stress and avoid burnout.
Alternative support options
Finding therapy for those with dementia or caregivers can be challenging. Some people may face barriers in their area, such as a lack of local providers or difficulty covering the cost of therapy. In these cases, online therapy through a platform like BetterHelp may be more accessible.
In contrast to in-person therapy, online therapy may offer additional benefits for those affected by dementia, including affordability, flexible scheduling, and the added comfort of receiving support in a familiar environment, such as one’s own home. Also, individuals can choose between phone, video, or live chat sessions.
Studies show that internet-based therapy is effective, especially in supporting those with depression and/or anxiety, which can be common co-existing conditions with dementia and for caregivers. For example, in a survey of the impacts of online therapy on depression and anxiety, the internet intervention was more effective and resulted in a greater quality of life for participants. In addition, the intervention was more cost-effective.
Takeaway
Continued dementia research helps professionals develop new treatments and potentially find a cure. The collective effort to foster empathy, understanding, and support for people with dementia can also make a difference. By educating oneself and others on the reality of dementia, a person can make a significant difference in the lives of those affected by this condition.
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