Depression Screening: Online And In-Person Assessment

Medically reviewed by Melissa Guarnaccia, LCSW and Julie Dodson, MA, LCSW

Updated October 24, 2024by BetterHelp Editorial Team

Depression is a common mental illness. Most of us know someone who has been affected by depression, whether it is a friend, co-worker, or family member. Perhaps you have even experienced symptoms of depression and wonder if you qualify for a diagnosis.

Depression is characterized by persistent sadness, guilt, difficulty making decisions, and sleepless nights. It can also result in increasing amounts of time spent in bed, away from people, and avoiding life’s responsibilities. If you have experienced symptoms like these, you might be unsure whether the sadness you feel is depression or one of life’s regular ups and downs. In this case, an online or in-person depression screening can help you determine the seriousness of your symptoms and find an effective remedy.

You can overcome depression symptoms

An online therapist can help you

About depression screening: Online vs. in-person

Suppose you are worried that you or someone you know is experiencing depression. In that case, both online and in-person depression screening methods can help you get on the right track toward receiving a diagnosis and finding a treatment that works best for you.

Many healthcare professionals use the PRIME-MD instrument for diagnosing mental illness. In addition, you can find the depression module, PHQ-9, which scores you on the DSM IV depression criteria at Patient.info.

This tool is used for mental health screening and to monitor the severity of patients' depression and their response to treatment.

What mental health professionals look for during a depression screening

When screening for depression, healthcare professionals look for a depressed mood and a loss of interest or pleasure in everyday activities lasting for at least two weeks. In addition, several other symptoms must be present for a diagnosis.

Symptoms of depression

Mental Health America lists the following symptoms of depression:

Depressed mood and feelings of sadness
Loss of interest or pleasure
Significant weight loss or weight gain
Difficulties with falling or staying asleep
Psychomotor agitation or retardation
Fatigue or loss of energy
Feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt
Trouble concentrating
Thoughts of death or suicidal ideation

If you are thinking about suicide, considering harming yourself or others, feeling that any other person may be in any danger, or if you have any medical emergency, you must immediately call the emergency service number (1-800-273-8255 in the US and 0800-689-5652 in the UK) and notify the relevant authorities. Seek immediate in-person assistance.

Depression screening online or in-person: What else to expect

As part of the health screening, your doctor will likely conduct a physical exam to see if there are any underlying biological causes for your low mood that can explain your symptoms and perform a psychological exam to ensure a correct diagnosis.

Two types of depression and possible diagnosis options

Medical professionals recognize two types of depression: major depressive disorder (MDD) and persistent depressive disorder (PDD), formerly called dysthymic disorder. For a diagnosis of PDD, the symptoms must be present for at least two years. In MDD, depressive episodes come and go, with a space of at least two months between episodes. Healthcare professionals use different screening tools to diagnose MDD and PDD.

Other forms of depression that may be diagnosed after the assessment

Other forms of depression that develop in unique circumstances, as noted by the Mental Health Association of Maryland, are seasonal affective disorder, postpartum depression, and premenstrual dysphoric disorder.

Depression screening for adults

While an online depression test can be a helpful tool, it should never replace a diagnosis by a trained professional. Nonetheless, an online test can help you decide if you need to see a medical professional for further evaluation.

Mental Health America has a quick, free depression test on its website that assesses self-reported depression symptoms during the last two weeks. An online screening tool like this is one of the fastest and easiest ways to determine whether what you are experiencing may indicate the presence of a depressive disorder. Mental Health America recommends printing the results and showing them to a healthcare professional trained to diagnose mental illness, such as a primary care physician, psychologist, or psychiatrist.

Your physician might have questionnaires for you to fill out that will help them accurately assess your symptoms. Your healthcare provider can help you narrow down an appropriate treatment for your symptoms and individual circumstances. They consider factors like your family medical history, co-existing diagnoses, and whether you are currently on any medications.

Depression screening for children

Unfortunately, depression can occur at almost any age. It affects the young, the elderly, and even children. Diagnosing childhood depression and other types of mental illness should be done by a qualified professional, and there are often different criteria for childhood mental disorders compared to diagnosing adults.

There are also several online tools and resources for parents who are concerned about their children. In most cases, these quizzes are taken by the parents on their children's behalf. There are also self-reporting tests for adolescents, including tools and resources used for monitoring depression symptoms in teen patients. It is crucial to keep in mind these are screenings, and they do not replace a diagnostic assessment by a mental health professional.

Depression screening for the elderly

Research suggests that when screening for depression in older patients, short self-reporting scales can be simpler and easier for older individuals to complete.

A study by F. Lamers, C.C.M. Jonkers, H. Bosma, et al. (2008) found that the PHQ-9 was reliable and valid when used to screen for depression in chronically ill elderly patients ages 60 and up.

Elderly patients concerned that they might be experiencing depression and their families can find an online version of the 30-item Geriatric Depression Scale, a screening tool. Still, it is essential to follow up with a medical professional for an official diagnosis at any age.

Depression treatment options following a diagnosis

Studies have shown that depression can be a highly treatable mental illness. Many people with depression can recover with appropriate treatment, but proper diagnosis can be a vital first step. Once a diagnosis is in place, patients and their physicians can create a strategic treatment plan. Treatment options primarily include psychotherapy, medication, support groups, and lifestyle changes.

Therapy can be beneficial for learning to cope with mental health disorders. One can learn techniques to incorporate healthy coping skills into their life. A common type of psychotherapy, known as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), generally focuses on challenging unhelpful thought patterns to influence one’s mood and behavioral health.

Behavioral health normally involves the connection between an individual’s body and mind. Behavioral health typically focuses on how one’s habits can impact their mental and physical well-being. It can be crucial to recognize the connection between physical health and mental health. Strategies for managing depression can include engaging in healthy habits, such as following a nutritious diet, exercising regularly, and getting enough sleep.

Many individuals find it beneficial to participate in peer support groups to connect with others who can relate to the challenges of navigating depression. Research published by Mental Health America on peer support has generally proved its effectiveness in improving behavioral health.

To receive treatment from a licensed mental health professional, you can request a referral from your primary care physician, turn to an online directory, or find someone in your local area. If you can't attend in-person therapy sessions or have trouble affording them, there may be an alternative.

Benefits of online therapy

One alternative for depression screening and treatment may be through an online therapy platform like BetterHelp. Online therapy can have many advantages for people facing depression because it typically offers an ongoing therapeutic relationship where you can turn when you need support. Users can contact their therapist via phone call, video call, or online chat. For people with depression, online therapy sessions can be easier and more comfortable than going out into the world for an in-person appointment.

Effectiveness of online therapy in managing depression symptoms

According to a 2019 study, online therapy can significantly reduce the severity of depression symptoms. It tends to be similarly effective to in-person therapy, and either option can be valid for those seeking professional help with depression.

You can overcome depression symptoms

An online therapist can help you

Takeaway

Primary care physicians, psychologists, therapists, and psychiatrists may screen for and treat depression. These professionals generally know how to use the appropriate screening tools for an accurate diagnosis. After initial screening, a person may undergo other evaluations to receive a complete diagnosis and develop an effective treatment plan. Prompt screening and treatment can eliminate or reduce the symptoms of depression. In addition, online or in-person therapy can provide emotional support and skills to avoid or manage future depressive episodes.

Frequently asked questions

Read more below for answers to questions commonly asked about this topic.

Is there a depression test or questionnaire I can take online?

Yes, there are several you can take online. For example, mental Health America has a quick, free depression test on its website that assesses self-reported depression symptoms during the last two weeks. An online screening tool like this is one of the fastest and easiest ways to determine whether what you are experiencing may indicate the presence of a depressive disorder. Mental Health America recommends printing the results and showing them to a healthcare professional trained to diagnose mental illness, such as a primary care physician, psychologist, or psychiatrist. Additionally, you can access mental health assessment tools for free online through companies such as Pfizer, Inc.

Is there any test to check if you have depression?

Both online and in-person depression screening methods can help you get on the right track toward receiving a diagnosis and finding a treatment that works best for you.

When screening for depression in person, healthcare professionals look for a depressed mood and a little interest or pleasure in everyday activities lasting for at least two weeks. In addition, several other symptoms must be present for a diagnosis. For example, Mental Health America lists the following symptoms of depression:

Depressed mood and feelings of sadness
Loss of interest or pleasure
Poor appetite, significant weight loss, or weight gain
Difficulties with falling or staying asleep
Psychomotor agitation or retardation
Little energy or feeling tired
Feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt
Trouble concentrating on things
Thoughts of death or suicidal ideation

Is there a questionnaire for depression assessment and diagnosis?

What are three signs of clinical depression?

If half the days feel challenging, you’re watching television a lot, avoiding an important text message, or you have little interest in activities you once enjoyed, you may be struggling with depression. If you’ve noticed any of the following symptoms, you may be experiencing clinical depression:

Feeling bad or like a failure
Trouble staying asleep or sleeping well
Thoughts of death or suicide

What are the five signs of mental illness?

Mental illnesses rarely appear out of nowhere. Typically, individuals themselves or their loved ones begin to identify changes in thinking, behavior, or feelings – perhaps the glass always feels half empty. Learning how to spot early signs and developing symptoms can help you get the treatment you need to manage mental illness.

If you notice any of the following symptoms, it may be beneficial to consult with a doctor or mental health professional to discuss your concerns:

Mood changes – Not feeling like your usual self, with shifts in emotions.
Drop in functioning – Difficulty performing at school, work, or social activities.
Illogical thinking – This may include exaggerated beliefs or “magical” thinking.
Unusual behavior – Uncharacteristic or unusual behavior.
Apathy – Loss of desire to participate in activities.

How do I identify mental illness?

Early intervention can have a positive impact on your mental health, often minimizing or delaying symptoms, preventing hospitalization, and improving outcomes. If you notice any signs of mental illness, or are bothered by changes in your disposition, it can be beneficial to seek evaluation by a mental health or other health care professional. Only a medical professional can diagnose a mental illness. You can find additional resources on identifying mental illness through the American Psychiatric Association.

What are the seven major mental disorders?

The World Health Organization characterizes a mental disorder as “a clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotional regulation, or behavior.” There are hundreds of forms of mental health challenges that can manifest in different ways, affecting thoughts, emotions, and behaviors with varying degrees of intensity. These distinct illnesses are frequently organized into broader categories to help people develop an informed understanding of their mental health challenges. These categories include:

Anxiety Disorders
Mood Disorders
Psychotic Disorders
Eating Disorders
Personality Disorders
Dementia
Neurodevelopmental Disorders

What causes depression, and how can mental health screening help?

There are many possible causes of depression and depression can affect anyone.

Genetics: Some people may be genetically vulnerable. This doesn’t mean that you will definitively have a depressive disorder, but it increases your likelihood of experiencing depressive symptoms at some point in your life.
Personality: Personality traits can be another factor in the development of depression. For instance, someone who experiences feelings of low self-esteem more frequently than others may become overwhelmed by stress, and may be more susceptible to depression than those living with higher self-esteem.
Environment: If you are or were exposed to excessive violence, neglect, poverty or abuse, you may be more likely to develop depression than someone who was not exposed to those factors on a regular basis.

A mental health screening can provide an official diagnosis if you experience depression symptoms.

What are the five levels of depression?

The American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) lists five different types of depression, some of which may develop due to specific circumstances:

Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder
Major Depressive Disorder
Persistent Depressive Disorder (dysthymia)
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
Depressive Disorder Due To Another Medical Condition

What is the last stage of depression?

The last stage of depression is what is known as recurrent or refractory (treatment-resistant) depression. Despite its name, there are still medications and procedures available that can help improve symptoms.

Is there a therapy or treatment for an advanced stage of depression?

Yes. There is a therapy and treatment for a person living with an advanced stage of depression. Treatment typically involves a combination of approaches such as taking antidepressants, joining psychotherapy (like cognitive-behavioral therapy or CBT), and making healthy lifestyle changes

Depression is treatable, and you're not alone

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The information on this page is not intended to be a substitution for diagnosis, treatment, or informed professional advice. You should not take any action or avoid taking any action without consulting with a qualified mental health professional. For more information, please read our terms of use.

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