Does Magnesium For Depression Work?

Medically reviewed by Andrea Brant, LMHC and Dr. Jennie Stanford, MD, FAAFP, DipABOM
Updated July 25, 2024by BetterHelp Editorial Team

Current statistics show that just over 7% of the adult population in the United States has been impacted by major depressive disorder. With so many people living with depression, more people are seeking out alternative ways to alleviate depression symptoms.

One proposed alternative treatment for depression is magnesium. Magnesium is a mineral present in the human body that is responsible for aiding in healthy nerve and muscle function, constructing bone and DNA, regulating blood sugar levels, controlling blood pressure, and other functions. 

The potential link between magnesium and depression has been more recently explored, showing that magnesium is involved in neurologic and brain functioning.

Some experts believe that magnesium and depression symptoms are intrinsically linked, theorizing that a lack of sufficient magnesium levels in the body can lead to or contribute to depression. This has led to the study of using magnesium supplementation to alleviate depression symptoms. However, this approach is not currently considered an evidence-based treatment method for depression, and there is no “cure” for depression. Talk to a doctor before trying any supplement. 

Some studies claim that magnesium improves depression

iStock/Kateryna Onyshchuk
I have depression, can magnesium help?

Studies have indicated that magnesium has the potential to improve depression symptoms, with some studies indicating magnesium supplementation to be particularly beneficial for patients who have treatment-resistant major depression.

However, not all studies have utilized randomized, double-blinded, placebo clinical trials. More research is needed to determine whether the effects experienced by participants were caused by the placebo effect or were a true effect of magnesium. More research is also needed to compare the effectiveness of magnesium against proven anti-depressant medications.

A double-blinded, placebo-controlled study was conducted in 2016 that has since incited greater interest in the topic of magnesium and depression. This study found that participants diagnosed with depression and magnesium deficiency who received 500 milligrams of magnesium daily for at least eight weeks experienced less magnesium deficiency and improved depression symptoms. 

In 2022, considering the COVID-19 pandemic and a resulting increase in worldwide depression, one literature review analyzed nearly 100 previous studies conducted since 2005 on the link between depression and certain dietary nutrients, including magnesium. They found that, along with other nutrients (such as vitamin D), magnesium intake has an inverse relationship with depression

An inverse relationship indicates that magnesium deficiency is correlated with a higher risk of depression, plus greater depression symptoms in those already diagnosed with the disorder. On the other hand, healthy magnesium levels are correlated with lower depression rates. Because of this in-depth analysis spanning nearly two decades, a unique dietary-based treatment protocol for depression and other mental illnesses was developed but is still in review.

Do magnesium supplements work? 

Before rushing to the store to pick up some magnesium supplements, there are a few things to consider. The form of magnesium a person takes plays a role in how well the human body can absorb it. For example, magnesium in the form of magnesium carbonate (usually sold as tablets) is not particularly water-soluble, nor is it very bioavailable to the human body. Meanwhile, magnesium chloride and magnesium citrate (often sold as either capsules or liquids) are both readily water-soluble and readily bioavailable, meaning the body can easily use them. Depending on the type and form of magnesium that you purchase, your body usually absorbs 30% to 40% of the magnesium that you consume as a supplement.

For adult men and women, the maximum recommended magnesium dosage per day is 420 milligrams. Up to 500 mg per day can be utilized, given that not all of it will be absorbed and utilized by the body. The kidneys are efficient in maintaining magnesium homeostasis (see “Magnesium” by L.H. Allen in the link). In healthy individuals without liver or kidney disease, the kidneys can slow the release of magnesium into the urine and instead, reabsorb it, when the diet is more deficient in magnesium. On the other hand, the kidneys can increase magnesium excretion when levels are high. Therefore, the risk of magnesium toxicity is often low. However, magnesium concentrations have significant impacts on the heart, so elevated magnesium levels can be dangerous in severe cases.

Before increasing your magnesium intake, consult your doctor. Doctors can run a blood test to determine whether a supplement would be beneficial. Those with a true magnesium deficiency or an impaired ability to process magnesium (such as in those with liver or kidney disease) may benefit most from supplementation. People who take too much magnesium may experience an irregular heartbeat, low blood pressure, slowed breathing, and confusion. Extreme overdoses of magnesium can potentially lead to death.

If you do have a magnesium deficiency, your doctor may prescribe you a proper amount to treat the problem. Magnesium is not an approved treatment for depression. In cases of severely low magnesium, replacement with magnesium injections may be indicated to promote faster absorption and better restoration of magnesium levels.

The BetterHelp platform is not intended for any information regarding which drugs, medication, or medical treatment may be appropriate for you. The content provides generalized information that is not specific to one individual. You should not take any action without consulting a qualified medical professional.

Getty

Traditional depression treatments 

For some, typical approaches to treating depression can be valuable and produce extensive results. Until there is well-established information on using magnesium to treat depression, as well as more predictable magnesium treatments, individuals may be recommended to rely on traditional forms of treatment like therapy, medication, or a combination of the two.

Traditional treatments often include antidepressant medications and therapy. There are also some lifestyle changes that your doctor may recommend as a possible way to reduce symptoms at home. For example, exercising has been shown to have a positive impact on depression symptoms. When you exercise and practice healthy lifestyle habits in combination with taking medication and going to therapy, the results can be very promising.

Therapy for depression 

Therapy can be effective in treating depression. Depression is a complex condition that can benefit from knowledgeable, reliable care. A skilled therapist can help their clients understand and cope with depression healthily and effectively. This process may involve learning certain coping mechanisms and digging deeper into who you are as a person. Therapy may also look at understanding and recognizing risk factors for depression and depressive episodes.

Going through therapy can help people avoid situations that can incite depressive responses by helping individuals learn what these situations are and how to best handle them. Additionally, therapy often provides a safe space to allow individuals to explore potential underlying causes of contributors to their depression, which may open the door for symptom reduction and management. 

Getty/Vadym Pastukh
I have depression, can magnesium help?

Alternative support options

If you would prefer to receive therapy for your depression from the comfort of your home, online therapy may be a viable option for you. Online therapy through a platform like BetterHelp allows you to receive treatment in a convenient yet still professional format. Online therapists are fully licensed and have the proper knowledge to work with clients living with a variety of conditions and concerns, including major depression, anxiety, trauma, and others. Additionally, online therapy can operate outside of standard business hours.

Online therapy has been found to be as effective as in-person therapy for treating depression. This study also concluded that online therapy is effective because it can remove some barriers to traditional therapy, such as lack of transportation, lack of health insurance, or an inability to leave home. 

If you are experiencing trauma, support is available. Please see our Get Help Now page for more resources.

Takeaway

With depression affecting tens of millions of people worldwide, various proposed “treatments” have become available. Magnesium has been found by a variety of studies to have a positive correlation with mental health, particularly depression. However, before taking a magnesium supplement, consider checking the magnesium levels in your blood done to determine whether you have a magnesium deficiency, as taking too much can be harmful. Whether utilized in conjunction with taking magnesium or not, therapy is a well-known, effective treatment for depression.

Depression is treatable, and you're not alone
The information on this page is not intended to be a substitution for diagnosis, treatment, or informed professional advice. You should not take any action or avoid taking any action without consulting with a qualified mental health professional. For more information, please read our terms of use.
You don't have to face depression aloneGet started