Treating A Chemical Imbalance Can Improve Your Health

Medically reviewed by Nikki Ciletti, M.Ed, LPC
Updated October 10, 2024by BetterHelp Editorial Team

While a chemical imbalance in the brain isn’t diagnosable, having too much or too few chemicals called neurotransmitters—which help your nerve cells communicate with each other—can lead to symptoms similar to those of multiple mental health conditions. The human brain is a complex organic machine, and scientists still don’t fully understand how it works. 

Depression and anxiety were believed to be caused by chemical imbalances in the brain for many years. Still, many in the medical and scientific communities consider the theory of chemical imbalance causing depression and other mental health conditions disproven. That doesn’t mean your neurochemicals can’t cause you to experience symptoms of depression, anxiety, or other mental health conditions.

Continue reading to learn what a chemical imbalance can do to your body and how to manage the symptoms with therapy, lifestyle changes, and self-care.

Are you feeling drained, depressed, or out of step?

What is a chemical imbalance?

When your body has an excess or shortage of any substance it needs to function correctly, you have a chemical imbalance. Though the term can apply to any substance the body requires, it generally refers to brain chemistry and neurotransmitters. Your body also produces natural hormones, an imbalance of which can cause symptoms such as reduced libido, weight gain, mood changes, difficulty concentrating, and other physical symptoms. Imbalances in your thyroid or adrenal glands can also negatively impact your mind and body. 

What is chemical imbalance theory?

Chemical imbalance theory, also known as serotonin theory or the serotonin theory of depression, was first introduced in the late 1950s, stating that an imbalance of the neurotransmitter serotonin caused mental health conditions such as depression, schizophrenia, anxiety, mood, personality, and behavior disorders. Pharmaceutical companies and popular media popularized the theory despite the lack of empirical evidence and peer-reviewed studies. 

Recent research has debunked the theory, with most studies pointing to psychological and environmental factors as well as biological factors like genetics that contribute to mental health disorders. While there is still a lack of understanding about the exact cause of mental health conditions, the chemical imbalance theory has been largely discredited.

Neurotransmitters and the role they play in your brain

Some primary neurotransmitters are serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, acetylcholine, GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid), and glutamate. These brain chemicals play a role in many physical and emotional functions, such as sleep, behavior, memory, appetite, mood, cognition, pleasure, stress response, brain development, and arousal. 

Symptoms of a chemical imbalance

An imbalance in neurotransmitters can cause a wide range of physical and psychological symptoms, depending on the type of disorder.

Common chemical imbalance symptoms may include:

  • Lack of sleep or excessive sleeping

  • Trouble concentrating

  • Extreme mood swings and emotional shifts for no apparent reason

  • Loss of appetite or excessive eating

  • Drastic behavior changes

  • Lack of energy, libido, or interest in previously favored activities

  • Intensifying mental health symptoms

Getty/Daniel Allan

How chemical imbalance affects mental health

Mood and emotion are primarily controlled by the limbic system in your brain, which is modulated by hormones and neurotransmitters. Neurotransmitters are brain chemicals that communicate signals between nerve cells to control your emotions and behavior. Mental health conditions are not directly caused by chemical imbalances; however, an imbalance of neurotransmitters like serotonin may cause mental health symptoms

Symptom overlap and lack of supporting science make it difficult to say with certainty how a chemical imbalance in the brain affects mental health. If you are concerned and would like to know your neurotransmitter levels, speak to your physician or therapist to determine if there is a test you can take.

Getty/10'000 Hours
Are you feeling drained, depressed, or out of step?

How to treat a chemical imbalance

If you think you may have a chemical imbalance, there could be steps you can take to manage your symptoms. Talk with your healthcare provider to determine the best methods for your situation. 

Here are a few ways to manage chemical imbalance symptoms:

  • Exercise: Exercise releases dopamine, improving mood, mitigating depressive symptoms, and promoting fitness. 30-60 minutes of daily exercise offers numerous benefits.

  • Nutrition: A deficiency of vitamin D may contribute to depression and anxiety symptoms. Eating a balanced diet can help fuel proper brain function and support neurotransmitter production. 

  • Medication: Certain medications may help balance hormones or relieve symptoms of depression, anxiety, or other mood disorders. Talk to your healthcare provider for more information about these treatments.

  • Therapy: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) can help identify negative thought patterns, address irrational beliefs, and develop more helpful coping mechanisms.

  • Mindfulness: Mindful meditation helps to reduce stress levels and improve emotional control. Practicing mindfulness techniques can help you stay grounded and manage difficult emotions.

How therapy can help treat chemical imbalance symptoms

While therapy can’t treat a chemical imbalance, it may help you manage your symptoms. A therapist can help you identify any underlying concerns that may be contributing to your symptoms. They can also help you manage your stress levels and offer support as you explore lifestyle changes that may help relieve some of the physical effects of chemical imbalance. 

Research suggests that online therapy can be as effective as traditional, in-person therapy. With online therapy, you can seek treatment from the comfort of your home, or wherever you have an internet connection. Online therapy can often be more convenient for individuals who don’t have local resources for traditional therapy, can’t physically attend sessions, or have difficulty taking time off work.

"Steven is an extraordinary therapist. His compassionate and professional approach helped me through challenging times. He listens deeply, understands complex emotions, and offers practical guidance. I’ve seen real changes in my mental well-being thanks to his support. I highly recommend him to anyone seeking a transformative therapist."
— BetterHelp member’s review of their therapist

Takeaway

Chemical imbalance can affect your mental health, causing feelings of depression, fatigue, anxiety, and difficulty concentrating. These symptoms can be challenging to manage on your own. Therapy can help identify and address underlying causes and provide tools to cope with the emotional impact of having an imbalance. With the right treatment, you can find relief from these symptoms and improve your mental health.
Depression is treatable, and you're not alone
The information on this page is not intended to be a substitution for diagnosis, treatment, or informed professional advice. You should not take any action or avoid taking any action without consulting with a qualified mental health professional. For more information, please read our terms of use.
You don't have to face depression aloneGet started