What Is The Cause Of Depression And How Does It Affect Mental Health?

Medically reviewed by Laura Angers Maddox, NCC, LPC and Dr. April Brewer, DBH, LPC
Updated October 10, 2024by BetterHelp Editorial Team

Depression is a mental health condition that some individuals find difficult to recognize. You may feel depressed without completely understanding the reason why. This confusion could stem from the variance in causes for depression. What causes depression? In some cases, the causes could be combined or built upon each other.

Can poor nutrition cause depression symptoms?

Studies are still being done to determine how poor nutrition contributes to depression. Some researchers, like Dr. Julia Rucklidge, have found close ties between the quality of food you consume and mental well-being.

Other recent studies have also found a link between certain foods and depression. This research demonstrates that changing your diet to include healthy, nutrient-rich foods may help you alleviate some depression symptoms.

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Are you noticing symptoms of depression in you or a loved one?

Can lack of sleep cause severe depression?

Lack of sleep is often considered to be a sign of depression. Excessive sleeping and insomnia can be critical factors in determining whether someone is experiencing major depressive disorder (major depression). Knowing this, you might think that sleep deprivation would be a symptom rather than a cause.

Sleep issues can worsen depression symptoms and impact mental health

However, lack of sleep can cause depression symptoms to worsen. It’s unclear whether sleep deprivation issues can cause depression on their own. Still, sleep issues have the potential to cause a depressive state that you’re already experiencing to become worse.

Practicing healthy sleep hygiene habits can be critical to your mental and physical health. If you’re experiencing sleep problems, take the time to reach out to a professional for support. There are changes that you can make to potentially get your sleep schedule back on track.

Can birth control cause mood changes and depression?

Mood changes are a possible side effect of some birth control. For some individuals, this can lead to a diagnosis of depression. Some decide to stop taking birth control due to emotional side effects. The risk of depression as a side effect of birth control can be minor but may be something to consider when choosing a birth control method.

How birth control and hormone changes may affect your mood and mental well-being

If you recently started taking a new type of birth control and have been diagnosed with depression, discuss this with your prescribing doctor. Your birth control may need to be changed or adjusted. Additionally, you might be able to work with your doctor to find methods for improving your mental well-being, you are ensuring that both your reproductive and mental health are effectively managed.

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Can stress cause depression and affect mental health?

Numerous studies have identified stress as one of the principal causes of depression. You might find that stress compounds over time and causes various symptoms, such as physical pain or lasting sadness. Some people with depression may also experience difficulty making decisions, which can affect several areas of life.

How stress can increase your risk of severe depression

Certain types of stress might be acting as depression triggers for you. Triggers are often defined as activities or situations that cause a depressive response. Potential triggers of depression include a challenging task at your job or conflict with someone you love. 

Working with a therapist may help you develop coping mechanisms for stress, such as mindfulness and breathing exercises, and start recognizing depression triggers. It might also be possible to learn how to avoid these problems to prevent yourself from falling into a depressive state in the future. 

Can drugs and alcohol cause brain-related depression?

Depression can be common among those experiencing an addiction to substances. Around one-third of people with depression also experience substance use disorder. Some individuals may turn to substance use to manage feelings of pre-existing depression. However, substance use can also intensify or trigger feelings like hopelessness, loneliness, anxiety, or sadness.

How substance use can increase your risk of depression

Additionally, substance use may cause depression to worsen. If you’re experiencing depression and are prone to using substances when feeling down, seek support. Your doctor may assist you with any physical symptoms, and a therapist may help you overcome any challenging mental processes. 

If you are struggling with substance use, contact the SAMHSA National Helpline at (800) 662-4357 to receive support and resources. Support is available 24/7.

Can physical health issues cause depression or increase the risk?

Studies have shown that physical health issues can cause depression in some patients. Noticing your condition worsen or feeling as if you can’t do what you used to do may cause you to experience symptoms of depression. 

Depression may also be a symptom of some physical diagnoses. For example, thyroid disorders and liver disease can cause depression or mood changes. If you have a family history of these conditions, monitor your symptoms with your doctor. 

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Are you noticing symptoms of depression in you or a loved one?

Can grief or loss cause depression and affect hormone balance?

Losing a loved one or experiencing grief are potential causes of depression, which can also lead to changes in hormone levels that affect mood and overall well-being. Grief may be a form of situational depression, as it may not be caused by a chemical imbalance, as many types of depression are. 

Feeling down and lost after losing someone close to you can be completely normal. You may also experience these feelings after a breakup or other type of non-death-related loss. 

How grief can lead to major depression and increase your risk

Symptoms of grief may also mirror those of depression. If grief does not subside, it may turn into long-term major depression (major depressive disorder). While in mourning, you could experience trouble sleeping and might not be able to maintain an appetite. 

Many people who are going through a loss will enter a period of severe depression. If you are grieving, reach out to your support system and try to practice self-care in this challenging time.

Treatment for depression 

Try to reach out for support as soon as you notice symptoms of depression. A doctor or therapist can provide support if you are struggling.

Although the list above provides some potential causes or effects of depression, other causes may not be listed. If you’re struggling to leave home or connect with a new therapist in person, you might appreciate the convenience of online counseling. An online mental health professional may offer more information on the causes of depression and teach you techniques to manage your symptoms.

How online CBT can effectively treat depression and improve brain health

Studies have shown that online cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is effective in treating numerous mental disorders, including anxiety and depression. Another review of 17 studies found that CBT online may be more effective than in-person therapy and is generally more cost-effective.

Online therapy can be a convenient way to learn more about depression and its symptoms. If you’re ready to sign up, consider reaching out to a counselor through a platform such as BetterHelp.

Takeaway

There can be several causes of depression, and you may experience more than one at once. If you’re experiencing symptoms of depression, consider reaching out for support as soon as possible. A counselor is just one method available to you, and your counselor may help you determine the proper treatment techniques for your depression.

Depression is treatable, and you're not alone
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