Exploring The Prevalence Of Eating Disorders In The Elderly

Medically reviewed by Melissa Guarnaccia, LCSW
Updated November 5, 2024by BetterHelp Editorial Team

The prevalence of eating disorders has long been associated with younger individuals. However, studies have found that these disorders are increasingly affecting elderly individuals. As the complexities of aging intertwine with mental health challenges, older adults can experience eating disorders like anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and other forms of disordered eating. In this article, we’ll explore the growing prevalence of eating disorders in the elderly, as well as the unique challenges they present and the importance of tailored treatment.

An elderly woman talks to the doctor on her phone during a telehealth call.
Getty/Halfpoint Images
Anyone can have an eating disorder

Understanding eating disorders

Eating disorders can be complex mental disorders characterized by difficult eating behaviors and a distorted relationship with food and body image. These disorders often have deep-rooted psychological components and can co-occur with other psychiatric disorders, such as depression and anxiety disorders. While anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder tend to be the most commonly recognized types, disordered eating can take many forms, affecting individuals differently across various stages of life.

For younger people, the onset of an eating disorder is often linked to societal pressures, body image concerns, and transitional life stages. In contrast, for elderly individuals, the triggers may include grief, loss of autonomy, chronic illness, and significant life changes, such as retirement or the loss of a spouse. Despite these differences, the underlying psychological distress is typically a common thread that presents among patients of all ages. 

The prevalence of eating disorders in the elderly

Eating disorders are often discussed in the context of young people, particularly teenagers and young adults. However, with recent research indicating an increasing prevalence of eating disorders in the elderly, it’s becoming increasingly clear that eating disorders do not discriminate by age. 

In fact,  Life (do not capitalize) changes such as retirement, the loss of a spouse or close friends, and declining health can lead to feelings of loneliness, anxiety, and depression, which are known risk factors for eating disorders. Additionally, societal pressures related to aging, such as the fear of losing independence or the desire to maintain a youthful appearance, can also play a role. 

Eating disorders in the elderly are often underdiagnosed, as symptoms may be mistaken for normal aging or other medical conditions. This lack of recognition can lead to delayed treatment, exacerbating the physical and psychological impacts of the disorder. 

Recognizing symptoms of eating disorders in the elderly

As eating disorders become more prevalent among the elderly, recognizing the signs early can be critical for timely intervention. The consequences of untreated eating disorders in older adults can be severe. However, symptoms can be subtle and easily overlooked, especially when they are mistaken for typical signs of aging. 

The unique manifestation of symptoms can make it crucial for individuals, caregivers, and health professionals to recognize the signs. By understanding the specific indicators of eating disorders in older adults, family members and care teams can better ensure proper care and possibly better health outcomes. 

Anorexia nervosa

Some signs of anorexia nervosa in elderly adults may include: 

  • Significant and unexplained weight loss
  • Changes in eating habits, such as eating alone or avoiding meals with others 
  • General disinterest in food
  • Sensitivity to cold
  • Excessive hair loss
  • Gastrointestinal problems
An elderly woman stands in her home and gazes out of awindow with a sad expression.
Getty/PamelaJoeMcFarlane

Bulimia nervosa

Some signs of bulimia nervosa in elderly adults may include: 

  • Secretive eating habits
  • Dental damage
  • Heart problems
  • Fluctuations in weight
  • Evidence of binge eating and purging
  • Use of laxatives or diuretics

Other eating disorders 

Beyond anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, elderly patients may also experience other eating disorders. These can include binge eating disorder, which causes individuals to consume large amounts of food in a short period, often as a coping mechanism for stress or emotional pain. There are also cases where eating disorders in the elderly don’t fit neatly into traditional categories but still pose significant health risks. Recognizing these patterns can be vital for providing the necessary support and treatment.

Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa in elderly patients

While there are a number of diagnosable eating disorders, anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa tend to be the most common. . 

Anorexia nervosa in elderly individuals is often harder to diagnose due to its subtle presentation. In an elderly patient, anorexia nervosa often manifests as diminished food intake, which might be mistaken for a loss of appetite due to aging or medical conditions. However, this refusal is sometimes a deliberate act of control or protest against their circumstances. 

Bulimia nervosa, characterized by cycles of binge eating and purging, can also be present in older adults, although it may be less recognized due to secrecy surrounding certain behaviors. For example, these individuals may disappear after meals to purge through vomiting or excessive use of laxatives or diuretics, which can lead to severe physical complications.

Eating disorder treatment for the elderly

Treating eating disorders in elderly individuals may require . This may involve collaboration between healthcare professionals, mental health specialists, and caregivers. Treatment often includes nutritional counseling to restore nutritious eating, medical care to address physical complications, and therapy to explore and resolve underlying psychological issues.

One of the possible challenges in treating eating disorders in older adults is that these disorders are often intertwined with other conditions common in this age group, such as dementia, depression, or chronic illnesses. Therefore, treatment plans often must be individualized, taking into account the patient’s overall health, cognitive function, and personal circumstances.

Resources for eating disorders in the elderly

Specialized resources can be crucial for the effective management of eating disorders in older adults. Additionally, for those caring for elderly patients with eating disorders, it can help to stay informed about the latest research and treatment options. 

While many communities offer services specifically tailored to the elderly, including nutritional counseling, mental health support, and caregiver education programs, there are numerous resources available online: 

  1. National Eating Disorders Association (NEDA) - Offers a helpline, online chat, and resources for individuals and families affected by eating disorders.
  2. Eating Disorder Hope - Offers information, resources, and support for those experiencing eating disorders, including treatment center directories and recovery tools.
  3. The National Council on Aging (NCOA) - Offers a comprehensive guide of resources for older adults living alone.

How therapy can help

Consulting a medical professional or primary care doctor typically serves as a first step in addressing disordered eating in elderly patients. While certain medical treatments and nutritional therapies can help, psychotherapy, or “talk therapy,” often serves as a cornerstone of treatment for many individuals with eating disorders. 

Cognitive behavioral therapy for eating disorders

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a widely used and evidence-based treatment approach for eating disorders, including those in the elderly. CBT may help individuals identify and change negative thought patterns and behaviors related to food and body image. For older adults, this might involve addressing grief, loss of independence, or feelings of inadequacy that contribute to disordered eating. By working with a therapist, elderly patients may develop healthier coping mechanisms and regain a sense of control over their lives.

Online therapy for an eating disorder

For some elderly individuals, it may be challenging to attend traditional in-person therapy appointments, especially if they have limited mobility. In these cases, online therapy can provide convenient support, as elderly individuals can speak with a therapist from the comfort of home. Additionally, online therapy platforms tend to offer a wider range of professional therapists, including eating disorder professionals, making it easier for older adults to receive the care they need.

An elderly man leans against a window in his home while gazing out sadly.
Getty/Oliver Rossi
Anyone can have an eating disorder

Is online therapy effective for eating disorders?

In recent years, online therapy has emerged as an effective treatment method for individuals living with a number of mental health conditions, including eating disorders. One study published in 2022 found that online therapy significantly reduced symptoms of eating disorders. Other studies have found online therapy to be effective for anxiety and depression, which may occur in people experiencing an eating disorder.

Takeaway

The rising prevalence of eating disorders among older adults is a serious concern that requires greater awareness and understanding. It can be crucial for healthcare professionals, caregivers, and family members to recognize the signs of eating disorders in this population so that they can provide appropriate support and treatment. By taking a compassionate and comprehensive approach to care, we can help elderly patients manage these disorders and improve their quality of life. Whether through therapy, nutritional counseling, or support groups, there are resources available to assist those in need.

If you know an elderly individual who may be experiencing an eating disorder, you may be facing stress as you navigate difficult decisions. Know that you don’t have to face these challenges alone. You may benefit from speaking with a therapist, whether in person or online. Take the first step toward getting support and reach out to BetterHelp today.

Healing from eating disorders is possible
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