The Relationship Between Eating Disorders And Physical Health

For many people, living with an eating disorder can seem like a constant battle. These disorders, such as anorexia, bulimia, and binge eating disorder, don't just affect how someone thinks about food. They can also impact every organ system and threaten overall health. 

In addition to their effects on mental health, eating disorders can lead to severe physical health problems, like loss of bone density and digestive troubles. Experiencing the tangible effects on the body can be the wake-up call many need to seek help. If you or someone you know is facing an eating disorder, know that help is available, and recovery is within reach.

How do eating disorders develop?

Eating disorders like anorexia, bulimia, and binge eating disorder often develop in response to a mix of genetic, psychological, and environmental factors. Individuals with a genetic predisposition may be more vulnerable to these conditions. For example, people with a family history of eating disorders usually have a higher risk of developing them.

Those struggling with anxiety, depression, or low self-esteem may also be more likely to experience eating disorders. A sense of inadequacy in relation to body image can further worsen these perceptions. Individuals may resort to disordered eating behaviors in an attempt to reach unrealistic body standards.

Environmental influences may also be important. Societal pressure to appear a certain way can affect how someone views their body. The media often portrays "ideal" body shapes that can drive people to change their eating patterns. 

Trauma or stressful life events may trigger or worsen eating disorders. People might turn to food to cope with emotional stress. Significant changes, such as moving to college or experiencing a breakup, might lead to disordered eating behaviors.

If you are experiencing trauma, support is available. Please see our Get Help Now page for more resources.

Common types of eating disorders

The most common eating disorders include anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder. Each of these can come with various symptoms and risks.

Anorexia nervosa

Anorexia nervosa is a serious eating disorder in which individuals typically limit their food intake. People with this condition often have a strong fear of gaining weight and usually weigh much less than what is considered healthy for their age and height. Signs of anorexia can include eating few calories and having a distorted body image. A person struggling with anorexia might also exercise too much, which can put additional stress on their body.

Bulimia nervosa

Bulimia nervosa generally involves patterns of binge eating followed by purging. People with bulimia often consume a large amount of food in a short time and then try to eliminate the calories by vomiting or using laxatives. Some common signs of bulimia may include going to the bathroom frequently after meals and finding food wrappers or containers hidden away.

Binge eating disorder

Binge eating disorder is normally characterized by consuming large amounts of food quickly. Unlike bulimia, there is usually no attempt to “get rid of” the food afterward. This can result in feelings of guilt and shame after eating. Some signs can include eating when not hungry and continuing to eat until uncomfortably full. There may also be secret stashes of food hidden around the house. People with this disorder often face challenges with obesity and related health concerns.

The effects of eating disorders on physical health

Eating disorders and mental health

Eating disorders often come with serious mental health challenges. Many people with these disorders become intensely focused on food, body weight, and shape. This intense focus can lead them to pull away from friends and family, making it hard to maintain relationships.

People with eating disorders often struggle with conditions like anxiety, depression, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Leaving mental disorders unmanaged may worsen harmful eating behaviors, creating a difficult cycle to break. Getting prompt support may give someone the best chance of overcoming both the mental and physical effects of eating disorders.

Treatments for eating disorders

A person with an eating disorder may need various forms of treatment to manage their symptoms and behaviors. What works can vary from person to person. Treatment options may include the following: 

• Therapy: Cognitive behavioral therapy can help people change negative thoughts and behaviors related to food and body image.
• Medication: Antidepressants and other prescription medications may manage symptoms of anxiety or depression. Other medications may also be prescribed for certain eating disorders. Never start, stop or change any medication without consulting your doctor first. 
• Nutrition counseling: Dietitians may help individuals create healthy eating plans and make sure they get proper nutrition.

People with eating disorders may need regular medical check-ups because severe cases can lead to serious health problems. A hospital visit may be necessary if a person with an eating disorder is experiencing severe malnutrition. 

In some cases, if someone has lost a significant amount of weight rapidly and is showing signs of dehydration, weakness, or heart problems, they may need to be hospitalized to receive proper nutrition and care.

Other ways to manage eating disorders

There are various ways to manage eating disorders effectively. Here are some approaches that may support recovery and promote a balanced lifestyle.

Mindfulness and meditation

Mindfulness and meditation can support individuals experiencing eating disorders by increasing awareness of their eating habits and emotional triggers. By practicing mindfulness, they can recognize and manage negative thoughts about food and body image. Techniques like deep breathing may reduce stress, potentially empowering them to make more positive food choices. 

Journaling

By keeping a daily journal, individuals can keep track of their eating habits, emotions, and thoughts. This practice may help them notice patterns and triggers that lead to harmful eating behaviors. Writing about their experiences can provide a way to express their emotions, which may make them easier to manage, rather than keeping everything inside. 

Nutrition education

Knowing about nutrition may help people make better food choices and maintain a healthy weight. Individuals can learn about different food groups, portion sizes, and the nutrients our bodies need, which may make meals less stressful. This knowledge may allow individuals to plan and maintain balanced eating habits that support their overall health. 

Regular physical activity

Exercise typically releases endorphins, which can boost mood and lower stress levels. It can also support overall health and help individuals maintain a stable weight when done in a controlled way. It can be important to pick activities that are enjoyable, like yoga, swimming, or walking, to ensure that exercise doesn’t become obsessive or punishing.

Limited social media exposure

Social media can sometimes promote unrealistic body ideals and harmful eating habits. Reducing the time spent on these platforms may limit exposure to content that may trigger negative feelings. People can also choose to follow accounts that encourage body positivity and nutritious eating habits instead. 

Support groups

Sharing experiences with others who face similar obstacles may be comforting and empowering. These groups may allow individuals to talk about their struggles and successes, and they can often be found in community centers, healthcare facilities, or online. Regular meetings may help individuals sense they are less alone and more supported during recovery.

Support for binge eating disorder and other eating disorders

Many websites and apps provide tools like educational materials and self-help programs. Online communities and forums may provide different perspectives and advice. By using these digital resources, individuals can access ongoing support and resources that fit their needs. This way, help is always available, no matter where someone is or what their schedule looks like.

Support from friends and family can be key when managing eating disorders. A supportive network of loved ones can provide emotional comfort and accountability, potentially making the journey toward recovery less isolating.

Numerous organizations are dedicated to supporting individuals with eating disorders and raising awareness about these challenges. Some notable organizations include the following:

• National Eating Disorders Association (NEDA): Offers resources, support groups, and a helpline for those affected by eating disorders
• Eating Disorders Anonymous (EDA): Provides a 12-step program for individuals seeking recovery from eating disorders through peer support
• The Alliance for Eating Disorders Awareness: Focuses on education and advocacy while providing resources for recovery

Connecting with these organizations can provide additional support, information, and community while overcoming an eating disorder.

Find help online

For many people, therapy may be an effective way to address underlying difficulties and manage harmful behaviors. Online therapy can empower individuals to connect with qualified professionals without having to travel to an office. This option may be especially useful for those who may have difficulty getting around, live in remote areas, or simply want to receive therapy from the comfort of home. 

Is online therapy effective for eating disorders?

Studies suggest online therapy can be just as effective as in-person therapy for eating disorders. A 2022 study compared the effects of virtual therapy and in-person therapy for adults with eating disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic. 

Researchers found that both groups showed similar improvements, with 76% of participants in the virtual therapy group reporting better eating symptoms and increased satisfaction with services. These results suggest that online therapy can be just as effective as face-to-face sessions, especially when access to in-person care is limited.