Ways To Manage And Overcome Anorexia
Physical and mental health often intersect, so understanding the difference between mental and physical illness can be difficult, especially when it comes to eating disorders like anorexia. People with anorexia nervosa and other disordered eating behaviors frequently experience mental health issues as well as physical health issues. It’s important to seek help quickly, when experiencing anorexia, due to serious physical and mental implications.
This article explores what anorexia nervosa is, potentially-related eating disorders and mental health conditions. We’ll also discuss treatment options like cognitive behavioral therapy and family therapy to manage and overcome anorexia.
About eating disorders
Anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder are examples of common eating disorders that many individuals might experience. These conditions can have long-term effects on physical and mental health, making it crucial to find a doctor who can provide proper diagnosis and treatment, which may include weight loss management, family-based therapy, and support groups to foster recovery and support.
What is anorexia?
Anorexia, or anorexia nervosa, is an eating disorder that affects approximately 1%-4.2% of women in the world. In contrast, only about 0.3% of men experience anorexia. Statistically, women are at a higher risk for developing this eating disorder, but men may still develop it as well. This particular eating disorder is characterized by a variety of symptoms, including (but not limited to):
Periods spent fasting (and sometimes binge eating)
An abnormal concern with food intake, calories, weight, and fat content
Intense fear of being fat or gaining weight, despite being underweight
Heavily regimented exercise rituals that are completed regardless of weather, fatigue, physical well-being, or other responsibilities/situational factors
Dislike of eating in public or in front of other people
Loss of menstrual period (for women who are post-puberty and pre-menopause)
The physical symptoms of anorexia can vary from patient to patient depending on their individual constituency and the severity of the eating disorder. Significant, rapid weight loss is one of the first and most dangerous signs. Some people may experience severe stomach cramps and other gastrointestinal issues, dry skin, difficulty concentrating, constantly feeling cold, dizziness, fainting, muscle weakness, and cold, mottled hands and feet.
How is anorexia diagnosed?
The manifestations of this eating disorder vary greatly, and it may be challenging to recognize the disorder in its early stages.
According to the DSM-5, in order for a doctor to diagnose someone with anorexia, their behaviors should meet these conditions:
Limitation of energy intake as it relates to requirements that lead to a remarkably decreased body weight in terms of sex, age, developmental trajectory, and physical health
An extreme fear of getting fat or gaining weight, despite being underweight
Disruption in the manner in which a person’s shape or weight is experienced, excessive influence of one’s shape or body weight upon self-evaluation, or one’s denial of the severity of his or her present low body weight
It’s important to note that you should always seek professional help and support if you believe that you or a loved one is experiencing symptoms of anorexia. Treatment options are available, and due to the severity of the disorder, it’s essential to have expert assistance in order to treat the disorder safely and successfully.
How to treat anorexia
There are many different treatment options available to individuals living with an eating disorder like anorexia. Coming up with a treatment plan is a personal process that is best created with the support and advice of a therapist or another healthcare professional who specializes in treating eating disorders. Here are some of the most popular and effective treatments for anorexia (and other eating disorders as well):
Cognitive remediation therapy (CRT)
When it comes to treating eating disorders, including anorexia, one of the major barriers to treatment comes from fear of gaining weight and not seeing the disorder as an illness but rather a life choice. Cognitive remediation therapy (CRT) is a facet of talk therapy that is designed to help an individual overcome harmful thought patterns and replace them with healthier ones. Often, one of the core causes of anorexia-related behaviors goes back to a particular set of thoughts. Cognitive remediation therapy gives patients the opportunity to reflect on their thoughts and emotions and to utilize practical exercises and thought experiments while under the careful supervision of a licensed professional.
Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)
Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) is another standard therapy used to treat anorexia. It has also successfully been used for substance use, personality disorders, and bulimia, a different eating disorder. Dialectical behavior therapy reasons that anorexia is difficult to treat before the behaviors associated with the eating disorder are observed, understood, and then altered to be healthier.
If you are struggling with substance use, contact the SAMHSA National Helpline at (800) 662-4357 to receive support and resources. Support is available 24/7.
Practitioners of the DBT method believe that the most effective way to combat an eating disorder is by consciously changing behaviors. Some of the techniques that individuals learn during DBT treatment include increased mindfulness, better interpersonal relationship skills, improved emotional control abilities, and a higher tolerance for stress.
Family-based therapy (FBT)
Recent research has shown that cases of eating disorders in adolescence are increasing. Adolescents today are exhibiting signs of an eating disorder more than ever before, with anorexia being one of the most prevalent among younger generations.
For young people living with anorexia, FBT can be a highly effective therapeutic approach. The support and love of the family are incredibly important for recovery, and this is especially true for teenagers and pre-teens. Adults living with eating disorders may also greatly benefit from family support.
Hospitalization and inpatient care
In some severe cases, people experiencing anorexia may need hospitalization. This occurs when an individual with an eating disorder reaches a point where their body weight is too low to sustain a healthy life and their body becomes depleted of necessary nutrients. In these cases, hospitalization may save their life.
Extreme weight loss and other physical symptoms such as dizziness and cognitive impairment are signs that the individual may need admission to a hospital to recover. After hospitalization, doctors and psychiatrists may recommend a treatment plan that can involve in-patient care, outpatient care, a combination of the two, or residential care.
If an eating disorder reaches a point where hospitalization is necessary, creating the appropriate treatment plan with your healthcare team is important in order to keep the individual safe and comfortable. Trust is another essential component that must be present between the individual experiencing an eating disorder and their healthcare team for them to recover both physically, mentally, and emotionally.
Getting professional help
Eating disorders require a lot of consideration when it comes not only to physical well-being, but also to mental and emotional well-being. Some individuals experiencing an eating disorder are able to recover without therapy or medication of any kind. Yet, many individuals need some kind of professional help in order to successfully recover. This help may come in the form of therapy or medication.
Talking to a licensed therapist and obtaining professional therapeutic help may be the first step toward recovering from an eating disorder. If you or a loved one is living with an eating disorder, the therapists at BetterHelp can offer advice and support. Remote therapy, such as that provided by BetterHelp, may be beneficial to those living with eating disorders in that it does not require you to travel or visit unfamiliar locations, which can be disquieting or even cause feelings of shame. With online therapy, you can meet with a licensed professional therapist and get individualized support from the convenience of your home.
Research has shown that online therapy is just as effective as its in-person counterpart for a variety of mental health conditions including mood disorders like depression and anxiety. A study published in 2022 found that internet-based therapy was effective in providing positive results for those with eating disorders, including introducing healthier eating patterns and more positive body image over time.
Working through the symptoms of eating disorders like anorexia can take time and dedication on the part of the individual as well as their families. If you find that you may be experiencing an eating disorder, such as anorexia, you are not alone; there are resources out there to offer support and guidance.
Takeaway
What does the treatment of anorexia nervosa include?
Treatment for anorexia nervosa includes feeding and weight restoration (under the supervision of a medical professional and registered dietician) for weight gain, psychiatric care with a licensed therapist, psychologist, or psychiatrist (if medication is involved), and education on healthy eating habits and other lifestyle factors. Family therapy is also often recommended in most cases.
What does the most successful treatment for anorexia nervosa involve?
Anorexia can be a serious and complicated mental health condition to treat. The most successful treatment often involves a team of different professionals that specialize in treating eating disorders. Medical providers will treat any health or dental issues that have been caused by the disorder. A psychologist or psychiatrist can offer psychological therapy, while a dietician creates a nutritious meal plan, along with educating both the patient and family on dietary guidelines. Finally, family members and close friends should be involved in social support (and practical support), especially for younger people still living at home.
Which types of interventions are used for the treatment of anorexia nervosa?
People with anorexia typically receive a number of interventions to treat it. The first priorities are medical. Weight restoration to get the individual to a healthy weight, as well as addressing markers such as blood pressure, heart rate, and taking a complete blood count to check for vitamin and mineral deficiencies. Any medical complications will be treated immediately.
In addition, intense psychological intervention is common. A therapist will work with the patient to improve distorted body image and self-esteem, and shift negative thought and behavior patterns, often using some form of behavioral therapy such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT).
A registered dietician will work with the patient and their family on nutritional education and may even work with the therapist to educate on healthy eating patterns.
What is the immediate goal for treatment of anorexia nervosa?
This depends on the severity of the case. In severe cases when the patient’s health and life are at risk due to the potential for refeeding syndrome, stabilizing them will be the first priority.
What is the first goal of nutrition therapy for patients with anorexia nervosa?
The first of the key goals of nutritional therapy for anorexia is weight restoration and body weight maintenance.
What nursing goal is the highest priority when managing the care of a client with anorexia nervosa?
Medical complications must be addressed first. For some patients with a severe form of this mental disorder, more intensive treatment may be necessary. Inpatient care may be required for a time while medical staff replace vital nutrients and stabilize vitals.
Which of the following is often recommended for the initial treatment of anorexia nervosa?
A person experiencing anorexia is generally seen first by a primary care physician or mental health professional. Based on the needs of the patient, a team is then assembled to address these concerns. A number of clinical trials report that team treatment is most effective for both short and long term success in patients with anorexia, but experts agree that more research is needed in this area.
What are the two leading causes of anorexia?
According to the American Psychiatric Association, the two leading causes of anorexia are body dysmorphia and biological factors. The diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders describes body dysmorphia as a somatoform disorder involving a preoccupation with perceived flaws or physical defects that are not observable to others.
Which class of medications are most effective for treating anorexia nervosa?
For anorexia that features binging and purging behaviors to lose weight, antidepressants are most commonly prescribed.
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