Understanding What Is Self-Compassion: Insights on Mindfulness and Compassion

Medically reviewed by Melissa Guarnaccia, LCSW
Updated October 22, 2024by BetterHelp Editorial Team

Some people have no trouble being compassionate towards others but have a hard time showing compassion to themselves. Learning how to practice self-acceptance can help these individuals become kinder and more understanding toward themselves. This most often manifests as being overly judgmental or critical of one’s own shortcomings or imperfections. While these tendencies can be difficult to shake, working overtime to replace them with kindness and patience can lead to a happier, less stressful life.

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Being kind to yourself isn’t always easy

What is self-compassion? Exploring its meaning and benefits

Self-compassion means offering yourself understanding, empathy, and warmth instead of judgment or harshness, especially when facing a failure or experiencing feelings of insufficiency or disappointment. Dr. Kristin Neff, an expert in the field of self-compassion, says that it’s made up of three main parts: self-kindness, common humanity, and mindfulness.

  • Self-kindness is treating ourselves with the care we’d treat a good friend, as Dr. Neff puts it. Self compassion involves treating yourself with the same kindness and understanding that you would offer to a close friend. It’s about being kind to ourselves, especially in the moments when we feel unsuccessful or inadequate.
  • Common humanity is the recognition that everyone has moments when they feel unsuccessful or inadequate. This concept invites us to remember that even though these emotions may make us feel alone, many others feel them too from time to time.
  • Mindfulness involves examining thoughts and feelings as they come and go: not ignoring, repressing, or judging them, but acknowledging them and moving on.

The potential benefits of self-compassion accord to expert Kristin Neff and others

There’s a growing body of research about the benefits of self-compassion. One study found a potential link between self-compassionate people and increased well-being, including higher levels of happiness, motivation, and optimism and lower levels of anxiety, depression, and fear of failure. Studies typically measure self compassion through validated scales to understand its effects on emotional resilience and mental health. In addition, an article in the Social and Personality Psychology Compass journal suggests that self-compassion may be a healthier characteristic to pursue than self-esteem because it involves less self-evaluation, ego-defensiveness, and self-enhancement. In social psychology, self-compassion is linked to lower levels of social comparison and higher emotional well-being. Self-esteem usually involves comparing yourself with others, while self-compassion focuses on simply relating in a kinder way to your own self. Those who are self-compassionate tend to have greater self-confidence, a healthier self-concept, and be less self-critical. Self-compassion helps emotional resilience in many cases, as well.

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Seven ways to practice mindful self compassion for personal growth

Practicing mindful self-compassion is a skill like any other and can be built over time with practice and patience. Here are several strategies you can try to work on increasing levels of this quality in yourself.

1. Cultivate an awareness of your thoughts with self-compassion

Reframing negative thoughts about ourselves is a key part of a self-compassion practice, but it can be difficult to do without first becoming aware of our thoughts in general. Becoming aware of negative emotions is essential to managing and reframing them with self-compassion. Noticing them is the first step toward being able to change them, like shifting negative self-talk into positive. By recognizing self attacking thoughts, you can reframe them with more compassionate responses. A helpful writing exercise can involve journaling about moments of self-compassion to reinforce positive thinking. Beginning a mindfulness practice is one powerful way to do this, and mindfulness meditation in particular can be an effective tool.

It can also be useful to become familiar with common cognitive distortions so you can start noticing how those may be affecting your thoughts and feelings. They’re simply thought patterns that present us with a warped view of a situation, and while they can affect anyone, they’re especially common in those with depression. For example, the distortion of polarization can cause you to think that you’re a complete failure if you get a low grade on a test or don’t get the job you interviewed for. This thought pattern leaves no room for outcomes in between great and terrible, and usually involves you harshly judging yourself for not being perfect. Meditation and therapy are two ways to start on a mindful path and become more in tune with your thoughts so you can notice and correct potentially harmful reactions to painful thoughts and difficult emotions.

2. Forgiving yourself can be a form of self compassion according to Kristin Neff

Self-compassion is not a replacement for personal responsibility, but it is understanding that everyone makes mistakes because we’re all imperfect. Recognizing human imperfection can help reduce harsh self-judgment and foster a kinder outlook toward yourself.Plus, mistakes are often important learning experiences. However, there’s more than one way to respond when you slip up. The self-compassionate way would be to forgive yourself and move forward, taking with you anything you may have learned through the process.

One study found that self-compassion—specifically the components of self-kindness and mindfulness—correlates to forgiveness. If faced with a difficult situation you may find that self-compassion helped you to recognize a better way to manage feelings of disappointment or anger. Practicing all three elements of self-compassion may help you be able to forgive yourself and others more easily, and forgiveness may help boost self-compassion in turn, too. Once you initiate this cycle, you may be able to open the door to a host of positive, interconnected benefits.

3. Explore self-growth through compassion and passion

One of the flawed patterns of thinking we may experience when we lack self-compassion is believing that because we’re imperfect and have made mistakes, we don’t deserve joy or happiness. Everyone deserves to experience these things, and you’re allowed to take steps to create these moments for yourself. Try exploring new hobbies or making time for ones you used to enjoy. Travel, meet new people, or otherwise incorporate things that make you feel excited and alive into your routine. Cultivating joy is indeed an act of self-compassion.

4. Treat yourself like a friend – with self-compassion and care

Putting this tip from Dr. Neff into practice can be powerful. If a friend came to you upset because they made a mistake at work, didn’t get accepted into a program they applied to, or failed to kick an unhealthy habit, how would you respond? Most likely, you’d provide a kind, listening ear and some uplifting words of encouragement. You’d never berate them or tell them they were a failure because you understand that mistakes are a part of life and that making someone feel worse about theirs isn’t helpful. Adopting a healthy attitude toward mistakes can foster self-compassion and reduce self-criticism. You deserve the same kindness and understanding when you fall short in your own life. Self-compassion asks you to learn to be a compassionate friend to yourself.

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Being kind to yourself isn’t always easy

5. Nourish your mind and body through mindful self compassion

Taking good care of yourself is a way to practice self-compassion. By filling your mind and body with positive substances like nutritious food and uplifting, encouraging words, you’ll have the fuel you need to make more positive, loving choices for yourself. Likewise, avoiding unhealthy habits and toxic people can also contribute to this goal of nourishment. In addition to helping build your self-compassion skills, this type of self-care can also boost physical health and physical well-being. Just remember to show yourself compassion when you fail to do this perfectly, as we all inevitably will. As with every tip on this list, the aim is to practice and enjoy the benefits that brings—perfection not required.

6. Practice supportive touch and self-compassion to ease emotional pain

By providing yourself with a kind physical touch, you can stimulate your parasympathetic nervous system, which is the one responsible for helping your body feel relaxed and safe after experiencing stress or danger. Think of how a parent or caregiver might put their arms around a child who wakes up from a bad dream: There’s power in a compassionate, soothing touch. One study even found that patients who experienced supportive touch before surgery had lower anxiety going into the procedure. Becoming a compassionate observer of your own emotions can help you approach challenges with self-compassion.

You might practice supportive touch by placing one or both hands over your chest as you take deep breaths. You could also try gently stroking your arms or cradling your cheek with one hand. There are many different options, so experimenting with different soothing touches and seeing how they make you feel may be helpful.

7. Work with a therapist to boost self-esteem through self-compassion

Therapy can be a powerful tool in cultivating self-compassion. A trained therapist can help you develop self-compassion and have a greater awareness of any of your harsh, judgmental thoughts and reactions to your own experiences or behaviors. They may use a mindful self-compassion workbook to teach self-compassion skills, as well as learn to identify and limit self-criticism and self-pity. They can also equip you with strategies for shifting your thought patterns toward mindfulness and kindness, even when faced with stressful life events.

One study suggests that mindfulness-based cognitive behavioral therapy in particular may help increase an individual’s level of self-compassion in daily life.

How self-compassion and online therapy can boost self-esteem

For those who feel more comfortable receiving this type of support from home, virtual therapy is an option. A platform like BetterHelp can match you with a licensed therapist who you can meet with via phone call, video call, and/or chat. Research suggests that online therapy is an effective alternative to in-person sessions, and it’s more available and affordable for many people as well.

Takeaway

Practicing self-compassion can have powerful benefits for your mental health and your life overall, especially for those who tend to feel inadequate. While it typically takes time to shift deeply ingrained patterns of how you relate to yourself, it’s possible to develop the qualities of mindfulness and self-compassion over time. With some patience, dedication, and tips on this list, you may be able to make significant progress and greater overall life satisfaction.
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