Common OCD Therapy Techniques And Treatment You Should Know About: Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy And More

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a complex mental health condition characterized by recurring, unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions). 

OCD is a recognized mental health diagnosis in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders that can significantly impact an individual's daily life and functioning. Various therapeutic techniques have been developed and proven effective for managing obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), allowing those with this condition to experience relief from their symptoms. 

In this article, we’ll explore more about obsessive-compulsive disorder, common therapy techniques used to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder, and how online therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder may help.

Common OCD therapy techniques: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), exposure and response prevention (ERP), and more

Treating OCD symptoms often involves a combination of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), talk therapy, and medications like selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) to alleviate mental health symptoms and improve quality of life. A mental health professional may also recommend additional techniques like stress management and deep breathing exercises to help patients cope with their symptoms. Many young adults with OCD find that a combination of therapy and structured, long-term treatment plans provides the best outcomes.

Here are some of the therapeutic interventions commonly used to manage and treat the symptoms of OCD. 

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, or CBT, is a common form of psychological treatment used to treat many different mental health conditions, including obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Cognitive therapy operates on the principle that our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are interconnected and that changing negative thoughts can lead to positive changes in feelings and behaviors. 

Exposure and response prevention (ERP)

Exposure and Response Prevention is a specific form of CBT that is often used when treating OCD. In ERP, individuals are gradually exposing themselves to their fears and obsessions. Following an exposure task, individuals are prevented from carrying out the compulsive behaviors they typically perform in response to these obsessions. This is done with patient consent under the guidance of a trained therapist. A CBT therapist can help ensure that the patient feels safe and in control. This type of therapy has been shown to be highly effective in reducing obsessive-compulsive behavior in both children and adults.

For example, some people might have OCD symptoms related to obsessive thoughts about germs. When they encounter something “dirty,” these individuals may have a compulsive urge to wash their hands. During exposure exercises and therapy, they may be exposed to something they consider “dirty” and then encouraged to refrain from washing their hands. The goal of ERP is to help individuals react differently to their anxiety triggers and learn that their fear will naturally decrease over time, even if they don't engage in their compulsions.

Innovative treatments like transcranial stimulation use magnetic fields to target specific areas of the brain. In real life, engaging in exposure therapy helps patients confront their anxiety and fears gradually. Although fear can feel overwhelming, consistent exposure to and practice of coping techniques allows individuals to build resilience. Over time, they may find that they can wait longer before engaging in compulsions, reducing their hold on daily life.

Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT)

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy is another therapeutic approach used in the treatment of OCD. ACT encourages individuals to accept their obsessions as a part of their experience rather than trying to eliminate or control them. The goal is to help individuals live a meaningful life in alignment with their values despite the presence of unwanted thoughts and feelings.

ACT involves various techniques such as mindfulness, cognitive defusion (learning to view thoughts as mere thoughts, not truths or commands), and value-based activities. In the context of OCD, ACT can help individuals reduce the impact of their obsessions on their lives and make choices based on their values rather than their fears. This approach is particularly beneficial for individuals in intensive outpatient programs who require structured support.

Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT)

Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy combines aspects of cognitive therapy with mindfulness techniques. The goal is to help individuals become more aware of their thoughts and feelings without becoming entangled in them. In the context of OCD, MBCT can help individuals notice when they are starting to get caught in obsessive thought cycles and then use mindfulness techniques to disengage. Mindfulness can also help reduce stress and anxiety, symptoms that often accompany OCD.

Medication as treatment

Although it’s not a therapy technique, medication is often used in combination with therapy to manage symptoms of OCD. Certain types of antidepressants, specifically selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and tricyclic antidepressants, have been found to be effective in managing symptoms of OCD. Higher doses of SSRIs may sometimes be prescribed for more severe cases, under careful supervision by a mental health professional. Medication can help reduce the intensity of obsessions and compulsions, which may make it easier for individuals to engage in therapeutic techniques.

Online therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and mental health

The convenience, flexibility, and availability of online therapy can make it a useful resource for individuals struggling with OCD. By breaking down geographical and logistical barriers, online therapy helps ensure that support is available to those who may not be able to attend in-person treatment. It also provides a comfortable and safe environment, as individuals can participate in sessions from their own homes, which might encourage more open communication. You can connect with a therapist who specializes in OCD through an online platform like BetterHelp. BetterHelp allows you to speak to a therapist through video chats, phone calls, or in-app messaging, depending on your preferences. 

In some cases, individuals with OCD may have fears or compulsions related to leaving their homes, which could make online therapy especially valuable. A therapist may recommend reviewing behavioral patterns present during the session, which can be carried out by recording online video sessions. This can serve as an additional tool for managing OCD symptoms. With online therapy, you can gain greater control over your therapeutic experience and make adjustments along the way as needed. 

Efficacy of online therapy for OCD

The efficacy of online therapy for OCD is supported by a growing body of research. Studies have shown that online cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and exposure and response prevention therapy (ERP), both considered gold standards in OCD treatment, can be delivered effectively through an online format. In fact, some studies suggest that online therapy can be just as effective as traditional face-to-face therapy in reducing OCD symptoms. This is likely because online therapy can incorporate the same therapeutic techniques as in-person therapy while also offering the added benefits of convenience and flexibility. 

Individuals diagnosed with a mental health disorder such as OCD often struggle with intrusive thoughts that cause significant distress. Research suggests that abnormalities in nerve cells may contribute to these symptoms, leading to heightened anxiety levels. Through therapy, individuals with OCD learn strategies to challenge obsessive thoughts rather than believing they are a bad person for having them. 

As with all forms of therapy, the effectiveness of online therapy for OCD can depend on individual factors, including the severity of symptoms, the individual's engagement in therapy, and the therapist's expertise.