Common Challenges For Adoptive Parents And Ways To Foster Strong Family Dynamics

Medically reviewed by Nikki Ciletti, M.Ed, LPC
Updated March 19th, 2025 by BetterHelp Editorial Team
Every year, approximately 100,000 children are adopted in the United States. Adoption can be a life-changing experience for both adoptive families and children being adopted. The adoption process can be exciting, but it may also come with challenges for adoptive parents as they try to make the transition as smooth as possible for all involved.

There are strategies that may help adoptive parents strengthen communication and build strong family dynamics. Here, we’ll discuss challenges commonly faced by adoptive families and children during the adoption process and strategies for fostering strong family dynamics. 

A young girl in a yellow striped shirt stands next to her parents sitting on the couch while looking at drawings on paper
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The basics of the adoption process 

The adoption process often begins with an educational component as a prospective parent(s) reads informational materials and talks to an adoption agency. This step can serve as an opportunity for potential new parents to ask questions about the process and decide if they want to adopt a child through the adoption agency in question. 

The next stage typically involves a home study by a licensed adoption agency. Prospective adoptive parents can usually expect this process to last less than two months. Next, parents may fill out an adoption questionnaire that the agency uses to create an adoption roadmap. Then, the prospective adoptive parent(s) are usually asked to create a family profile that allows the birth parents to get to know them. Some adoption agencies hire a media company to help create adoptive parent profiles that look professional and help hopeful parents present themselves in the best way possible. 

Possible challenges faced by adoptive parents prior to adoption

Adoptive parents can face a number of challenges on the road to adoption. First, prospective parents typically have to undergo a home study, which may feel uncomfortable for some. This process can involve questions that people are rarely asked about their home life. For example, those conducting the home study may ask about an individual’s or a couple’s financial stability, criminal record, and physical health, among other topics. 

In some cases, prospective parents will receive a home study result of “approval with revisions.” Some may feel nervous about this result, but it often means that those conducting the study are requesting corrections or more information. In rare cases, an individual or couple may receive a denial letter. This may be for a variety of reasons, some of which may be temporary until the person or couple can improve their circumstances. 

Common challenges faced by adoptive parents during and after adoption

After adoptive parents have been approved, they may undergo a series of visits from the child they are adopting, depending on the child’s age. These visits may include a few overnight stays so that they can gradually become acclimated to the home. This process may be challenging at first as a child gets used to a new environment. 

Parents may also experience difficulty forming a bond with the child, depending on the child’s age and life circumstances. Those who have been uprooted from one place and sent to another may feel hesitant to open up to their adopted family, especially if they’ve experienced trauma in the past. Adoptive parents may experience a sense of rejection as a result in some cases. 

Also, when adoptive parents have other children, they may experience conflict or jealousy when another child is brought into the home. They may need to become accustomed to having another child use their toys and receive attention from their parent(s). Balancing the needs of multiple children can be stressful for an adoptive parent.

A girl in a pink striped shirt and a positive expressions hugs woman in a blue shirt while they both smile
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Strategies that may help adoptive families foster a strong family dynamic

Adoptive parents may be able to build a strong family dynamic by using a number of strategies. The following are just a few examples:

  • Do activities as a family. Parents may find that their family is more cohesive if they plan regular activities as a group. These don’t have to be big, elaborate activities that involve a lot of planning. Simply spending time together each evening or going to the park every weekend, for instance, may help family members develop a stronger bond with each other. 
  • Have meals together. Adoptive parents might have busy schedules, especially if they have multiple children. This can make mealtimes feel chaotic, but having dinner together can help the adoptive child get used to a routine. Plus, for children who come from homes where food was scarce, dining together regularly can bring the confidence that they will always have nutritious food at home. 
  • Prioritize mental health. Adoptive families may benefit from speaking openly about mental health. Caregivers might emphasize to each child in the home that they can always discuss anything that bothers them. If needed, families can also attend family therapy so that each member has the opportunity to discuss any concerns they have. 

Where can an adoptive family get help welcoming a child into their home?

Adoptive families can often receive support from adoption professionals at the agency they went through. While social workers at these agencies often focus on helping the child adjust, they may have strategies to help parents with the transition process as well. Given that the social workers typically know the background of the adopted child and the family type they come from, they may be able to offer tailored guidance to help families welcome the child into their home. This may be especially helpful for cases involving children who have experienced trauma. 

In addition to speaking with a social worker, adoptive families may benefit from connecting with other families who have adopted a child. Those who can’t find other families nearby might look for online groups or forums specifically for adoptive parents. 

Seeking therapy for adoption-related challenges

The challenges outlined here are just a few examples of what an adoptive parent might face before, during, and after welcoming a child into their home. For those who are looking for emotional support along the way, meeting with a therapist might be helpful. A licensed mental health care provider can offer a safe space for a parent or prospective parent to share their feelings, address their anxieties, and learn healthy coping mechanisms for parenting stress. 

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Looking for support as an adoptive parent?

Exploring online therapy as an option 

Parents or parents-to-be who live in an area with few therapists or who can’t regularly commute to and from in-person sessions might consider online therapy instead. Online therapy platforms are typically connected with a large pool of licensed therapists, which may make it more likely for you to get matched with a provider experienced in adoption-related challenges. Once matched, you can communicate with your therapist remotely via phone, video, and/or in-app messaging. In addition, online therapy tends to be more affordable than traditional in-office therapy without insurance. 

In recent years, numerous studies have suggested that online therapy can be effective in many cases. For example, one study published in 2021 indicates that online family therapy may be helpful for improving relationships and mental health outcomes for both parents and children. 

Takeaway

Adoptive parents often face a variety of challenges. They may be able to foster stronger family dynamics by scheduling activities and meals together and prioritizing mental health through open communication. Adoptive parents may also benefit from seeing a therapist who has experience helping adoptive families develop strong family dynamics.

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