Mental Health And Media: How Personality Disorders In The Media Have Shaped Stigma
Mental health has become an increasingly prominent topic in media and popular culture, bringing positive and negative attention to various mental health conditions. Through dramatic storytelling and sensationalized portrayals, the media often perpetuates stereotypes that contribute to the stigma surrounding mental illness, especially personality disorders.
Examining how personality disorders in the media have shaped stigma and how these portrayals affect real people living with personality disorders and other mental illnesses can be a way to reduce stigma in your life. Additionally, looking at media in shaping public perceptions of mental health disorders and the importance of better representation can help you navigate misconceptions as you engage with your favorite songs, shows, movies, and other forms of media.
Understanding personality disorders
Personality disorders are mental illnesses characterized by patterns of thinking, behavior, and emotional responses that significantly differ from societal expectations, cause distress or problems in daily life, and are life-long. These patterns typically begin in late adolescence or early adulthood. Though the precise causes are not entirely understood, a mix of genetic, environmental, and developmental influences may contribute to their development.
Personality disorders can severely affect a person's relationships, work life, and overall functionality. Common personality disorders include borderline personality disorder (BPD), narcissistic personality disorder (NPD), and antisocial personality disorder (ASPD). Despite their unique traits, these disorders are marked by deeply entrenched, maladaptive thought patterns and behaviors.
There are specific signs and symptoms associated with different types of personality disorders. However, personality disorders tend to share common symptoms, such as:
- Difficulty forming and maintaining relationships
- Intense and unstable emotions
- Impulsive and risky behavior
- Fear of abandonment or rejection
- A sense of emptiness or worthlessness
- Distorted self-image
- Difficulty managing stress and emotions
- Persistent and rigid patterns of thought and behavior
- Problems with self-identity and sense of self
- Chronic anxiety or irritability
- Self-harm and suicidal thoughts
Understanding personality disorders can be a step toward recognizing their impact on individuals' lives and promoting empathy. People with these conditions often grapple with the internal symptoms of their disorders and the external effects of societal stigma. Enhancing awareness and knowledge about these disorders may mitigate the negative attitudes contributing to mental health stigma.
Examining stereotypes and tropes in media
Media portrayals of mental illness often rely on stereotypes and tropes that paint a distorted picture of what it means to live with a personality disorder. Common stereotypes include the "psychopathic villain," who lacks empathy and engages in violent behavior, and the "tragic figure," whose life is defined by self-destructive behaviors and hopelessness. These portrayals are not only inaccurate but also harmful, as they reinforce the notion that people with mental illness are inherently dangerous, abusive, or incapable of leading fulfilling lives.
Popular culture frequently uses personality disorders to add complexity to other characters, often depicting individuals with these conditions as manipulative, erratic, or untrustworthy. This dramatic storytelling approach may captivate audiences but fails to convey the reality of living with a mental disorder. Such portrayals contribute to a lack of understanding and empathy, making it more difficult for those with personality disorders to seek help and receive appropriate support.
The effect of media on mental illness
The media's portrayal of people with personality disorders can have significant impacts on public perception and the lives of those affected.
Fear and rejection from the public
Media representations of mental illness frequently model adverse societal reactions. Characters with personality disorders are often depicted as violent, erratic, abusive, or incapable of maintaining stable employment, perpetuating stereotypes that they are to blame for their conditions and have unpredictable behavior. This portrayal contributes to a stigmatizing environment where those affected are viewed with suspicion and fear. The portrayal of mental health professionals and treatments is also impacted, with psychiatrists often shown as either malevolent or emotionally detached, further alienating individuals from seeking care.
Social norms and expectations
The influence of mass media extends beyond entertainment, affecting societal norms and expectations. For example, a study in India found that the rise of new media technologies, coupled with traditional sources like television and newspapers, has intensified the media's role in shaping perceptions. The portrayal of mental illness in these mediums impacts how individuals view reality, influenced by their interactions with family, friends, educational institutions, and the media itself. Cultivation theory and social learning theory explain how prolonged exposure to media's skewed representations leads people to adopt these views as reality, reinforcing the stigma associated with mental illness.
Gender biases
Gender biases in media portrayals can exacerbate these issues. Men are often shown with severe mental illnesses, while women are more frequently depicted with neuroses or sexual dysfunctions. This portrayal not only misrepresents the prevalence and nature of mental health issues among different genders but also reinforces harmful stereotypes. Additionally, the portrayal of mental health treatments and professionals in a negative light discourages individuals from seeking help, fearing they will be judged or misunderstood.
Why better representation is important
Despite challenges, media has the potential to be a powerful ally in combating mental illness stigma. More accurate and compassionate representation of personality disorders in the media can have several benefits. By projecting positive, human-interest stories and initiating public debates on mental health, the media can shift public attitudes, inciting more compassion and empathy.
Challenging stigmas against personality disorders may also reduce the stigma associated with mental illness by providing a more nuanced and empathetic understanding of these conditions. When the media portrays individuals with personality disorders as multi-dimensional individuals who can lead meaningful lives, it challenges the negative stereotypes that contribute to discrimination and social exclusion.
Furthermore, representation promotes awareness and education about mental health conditions, encouraging people to seek support. By depicting therapy and treatment positively, the media can highlight the benefits of seeking professional help and the potential for recovery. This awareness can lead to a more informed and compassionate society that supports rather than stigmatizes individuals with mental health conditions and challenges.
How therapy can help
Therapy often plays a role in the treatment and management of personality disorders. Mental health professionals, including psychologists, psychiatrists, and counselors, work with individuals to develop coping strategies, improve emotional regulation, and build healthier relationships. Different therapeutic approaches, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), can be tailored to address the specific needs of each individual.
Additionally, medication, such as central nervous system (CNS) drugs, can be used in conjunction with therapy to manage symptoms of personality disorders. While medication alone is not a cure, this method may alleviate symptoms, making it easier for individuals to engage in therapeutic work.
Online therapy can also serve as a valuable resource for individuals living with personality disorders. Along with being equally effective as in-person therapy, online therapy provides accessibility, offering flexible scheduling options and allowing individuals to receive treatment from the comfort of their homes. Online platforms like BetterHelp can enable individuals to connect with a therapist who understands their unique needs, allowing clients to change providers easily.
The BetterHelp platform is not intended to provide any information regarding which drugs, medication, or medical treatment may be appropriate for you. The content provides generalized information that is not specific to one individual. You should not take any action without consulting a qualified medical professional.
Takeaway
With more accurate and compassionate representation, the media can challenge these misconceptions and promote a more informed and empathetic society. Through continued efforts to improve media portrayals and increase awareness, society and individuals can work toward a future where mental health is understood, accepted, and prioritized.
If you are living with a mental illness or challenge, you are not alone. Anyone can attend therapy; you don’t have to be diagnosed to receive help. Consider contacting a therapist online or in your area for support.
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