Five Traits Of Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) can be a complex condition that can be difficult to diagnose. People living with a formal diagnosis of NPD may experience certain challenges, particularly around the maintenance and formation of relationships.
Identifying and understanding possible traits that can be associated with those who experience narcissistic tendencies can help provide a higher degree of empathy and awareness in possible romantic or platonic partners and friends. This understanding can result in a greater degree of benefit for both individuals experiencing the condition and those with whom they may have a relationship.
Exploring possible traits that can be associated with narcissistic personality disorder
A clinical diagnosis of narcissistic personality disorder generally requires the fulfillment of strict diagnostic criteria laid out in the DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition). Before we explore common traits individuals living with narcissistic personality disorder may have, though, we want to clarify an important point: People who experience the disorder are not inherently bad—they simply may experience different degrees of difficulty when it comes to relationships, empathy, and communication or an inflated sense of self-importance.
That being said, if someone you know exhibits three or more of the following traits that can be associated with the condition, you may take a moment to consider how your relationship is going and if you are maintaining healthy boundaries where possible. This act of self-care and respect can benefit both you and the person with whom you are in a relationship.
Resistance to criticism
Criticism can be a part of life that can help us better ourselves and succeed. However, those who experience narcissistic personality disorder may not view criticism in this manner. Instead, people living with NPD may take criticism personally—possibly resulting in miscommunication and outbursts later on.
While this can look different for everyone, many living with this condition may view constructive feedback as a personal attack—which can naturally lead to resistance to change over time.
We do want to note: Not everyone who responds poorly to criticism is clinically considered narcissistic. Some forms of criticism might deserve to be reasonably questioned, and there can be times when someone is simply having a bad day—or when they might be going through a tough time and react strongly.
However, if you notice that someone is consistently opposed to any form of criticism, it can be a trait that can align with a clinical diagnosis of NPD. This could be helpful for you to consider.
Manipulative tendencies
Another critical trait of NPD that may surface in many can include manipulative tendencies, which can affect other people in the person’s life. Those who experience narcissistic traits can view other human beings for what value they bring vs. their inherent value as humans at times, which can lead to difficulties communicating and functioning in relationships. Drawing boundaries, maintaining open communication and working with a mental health professional can all be helpful methods to mitigate the damage that can be caused by this specific trait; both for the person living with NPD and those around them.
Volatility
It can be common to have times when we don’t get along or see eye-to-eye with other people. However, excessive volatility can be a symptom that may be associated with NPD. Studies from the National Institute of Health have affirmed that those living with the condition may regularly have volatile relationships with both mental health providers and others in their lives.
What to do if you're experiencing the effects of narcissistic personality disorder
The American Psychological Association has publicly noted that exposure to narcissistic personality disorder can result in or include emotional abuse—possibly creating a toxic environment for some. Here are some actions you can take to defend yourself if you are in frequent contact with someone living with the disorder.
If you or a loved one is experiencing abuse, contact the Domestic Violence Hotline at 1-800-799-SAFE (7233). Support is available 24/7.
Cut ties (if possible)
If you are in a situation where you spend a lot of time with someone who lives with NPD and are experiencing ill effects, you may find that the best thing you can do is to cut ties. If you’ve known this person for a while or if they are a family member, severing ties may not be easy—however, it can do a lot of good in the long run.
If you cannot completely cut ties at this time, you may benefit from limiting contact with them as much as possible. This space can allow you to draw boundaries and guard yourself as needed properly.
Don’t blame yourself
It can be important not to blame yourself for the choices of someone living with narcissistic personality disorder. Each person is generally responsible for their own actions and decisions.
Support for people in relationships with a partner who has NPD
Being in a relationship with someone who lives with narcissistic personality disorder can be challenging—and there are some relationships from which you may not be able to walk away. If you need help coping with stress caused by relationships in your life, online therapy can help.
Online therapy can offer many benefits over in-person treatment. For example: With BetterHelp, you can be matched with an available therapist in a streamlined, customizable way—helping many to start treatment more quickly than they otherwise would using traditional methods of intervention. Additionally, many people may feel more comfortable talking to someone in their own home rather than in an unfamiliar clinical environment.
Is online therapy effective?
Research suggests that online therapy is as beneficial as in-person treatment. One study found details that indicated that people who participated in online therapy had “significant and clinically meaningful improvements in depression and anxiety scores relative to baseline” after 12 weeks of treatment and sustained after six months.
If you’re interested in learning more about online therapy, please connect with a BetterHelp counselor to get started.
Takeaway
How To Tell If Someone Is Narcissistic?
Some of the common symptoms of narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) include:
- A need for admiration
- Lack of empathy
- Grandiose sense of self importance
- Entitlement
- Manipulative
- Envious
- A desire to be around high status people
- Arrogance
- A focus on beauty, wealth, or endless success
It's important to remember that everyone can exhibit some of these traits occasionally. Some of these symptoms can even be traits of other mental health conditions or personality disorders. However, a person with NPD will show these behaviors consistently.
What Is The Main Trait Of A Narcissist?
The main trait associated with narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) is a pervasive sense of grandiosity. This can manifest in their fantasies or behaviors or their constant need for admiration or lack of empathy for others. It's generally most evident in their inflated self esteem and belief that they are special and can only be understood by other special people. However, there are different types of NPD, each with slightly different presentations.
- Grandiose Narcissism – This type of NPD is what most people think of when they think of a narcissist/narcissism. These people are often extroverted, egotistical, attention-seeking, and competitive.
- Vulnerable Narcissism – This type of NPD is harder to spot because it's quieter. These people are often introverted and play the victim. They have difficulty taking criticism and tend to blame others for their mistakes.
- Communal Narcissism – People with this type of NPD often seem to have a strong moral foundation and a belief in fairness. They perceive themselves as generous, but their actions don't align.
- Antagonistic Narcissism – People with antagonistic narcissism are highly competitive, tend to argue and disagree a lot, and take advantage of others frequently.
- Malignant Narcissism – Some researchers believe this type of NPD is a mixture of NPD and antisocial personality disorder. People with malignant narcissism tend to display paranoia and are aggressive, sadistic, and vindictive.
Despite their differences, the grandiosity and inflated sense of self show up in all five types of NPD.
What Are Narcissist Red Flags?
Some common red flags that could indicate a person has NPD include:
- Lack Of Empathy
- Love Bombing
- Bragging
- A Need For Constant Admiration
- Inflated Sense Of Self
- Manipulation
- Entitlement
- Gaslighting
- Jealousy
- Frequent Criticism
- Obsession With Success or Power
- Difficulty With Genuine Intimacy
What Are The Big 5 Personality Traits Of A Narcissist?
The Big Five personality assessment measures the five following traits: openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism (OCEAN). They can provide a framework and understanding for various personalities, including those with narcissistic personality disorder (NPD). Here's how these traits may manifest in a person with NPD:
- Openness: Individuals with narcissistic traits may have a lower level of openness in the traditional sense. They might not be open to new experiences or ideas that challenge their beliefs or self-image.
- Conscientiousness: People with narcissistic tendencies can exhibit varying levels of conscientiousness. Some might be highly disciplined and meticulous, especially if it serves their self-image or goals, while others might lack responsibility and reliability, especially in interpersonal relationships.
- Extraversion: Narcissism is often associated with high levels of extraversion, including seeking attention, dominance in social settings, and a strong desire for admiration.
- Agreeableness: Typically, individuals with strong narcissistic traits display low agreeableness. They may struggle with empathy, be antagonistic or competitive, and have difficulties in cooperative situations that don't serve their interests.
- Neuroticism: High neuroticism can be present in some forms of narcissism. This might manifest as sensitivity to criticism, anxiety when their self-esteem is threatened, or difficulty managing stress and adapting to change.
Can Narcissists Cry?
Yes. People with narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) still have emotional responses and can cry, but their motivation for crying might be different than someone without NPD. For example, their tears might be used to manipulate, elicit sympathy, avoid accountability, or gain an advantage in a situation.
What Are The 4 D's Of Narcissism?
The "4 Ds of narcissism" aren't standard or widely recognized. However, some experts have coined the Four Ds of narcissism as it relates to and shows up in relationships. Those four ds are:
- Deny – People with NPD often deny anything that puts them in a negative light, even denying things they actually said or did.
- Dismiss – If a person with NPD can't deny something, then they often dismiss it, making you feel like whatever issue you're bringing up isn't a big deal.
- Devalue – In romantic relationships, a person with NPD might talk down to their partner to make them feel insecure and doubt themselves.
- Divorce – To get away from a partner with NPD, the surest option is divorce.
If you are in a relationship with a person with NPD, and you don't feel safe or are experiencing abuse, contact the National Domestic Violence Hotline at 1-800-799-SAFE (7233). Support is available 24/7.
Does A Narcissist Know They Are A Narcissist?
Like any mental health disorder, whether a person with NPD is aware of their condition can vary. Often, individuals with strong narcissistic tendencies may not have a clear insight into their behavior and its impact on others. Their self-focused perspective can hinder them from recognizing their actions as problematic. Narcissism usually involves defense mechanisms like denial and projection, which can also obscure self-awareness. However, some may have moments of self-awareness or recognize certain narcissistic traits in themselves but may not fully understand or care about the impact of their behavior on others.
Can Narcissism Be Cured?
Unlike some mental health conditions, Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) is considered a lifelong condition, and once you develop NPD, there is no known cure. However, symptoms can be managed with therapy and support.
What Kind Of Personality Stays With A Narcissist?
People with narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) often have difficulty keeping long-term friendships and relationships. However, research shows that people with narcissistic traits tend to flock together and that when they do, they tend to stay friends long-term.
Does A Narcissist Ever Change?
A person with narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) can change, but it's a complex and challenging process. Regular visits with a clinical psychologist are usually required to treat NPD. It also requires them to realize and acknowledge their behaviors and want to work through them. They have to truly want to change. This process can be long and difficult. However, with commitment and the right support, it's possible for a person with NPD to change and improve their behavior.
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