Exploring Habituation Psychology: Definition And Examples
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The concept of habituation is similar to the concept of adaptation. Habituation psychology is the study of how individuals become accustomed to repeated stimuli, leading to decreased emotional and behavioral responses over time.
The duration, frequency, intensity, and changes to the stimulus in question can affect the process of habituation. Habituation can be used in exposure therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), often when treating anxiety disorders or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
What is habituation psychology?
Transitioning into a new state of being can often feel safer than being thrown into a challenge without preparation. However, when habits must form quickly, habituation can be used to decrease emotional reactions over time via exposure or cognitive restructuring.
Habituation can also be compared to growing tolerant to a safe substance like caffeine. Over time, someone might develop the habit of drinking coffee each day. While the caffeine may impact them during the first few months of drinking coffee, they may stop feeling the physical symptoms afterward. Habituation works similarly, but with emotions and thoughts.
Sensory adaptation
Habituation is often compared with the phenomenon of sensory adaptation. Like habituation, sensory adaptation occurs after repeated exposure to a specific stimulus. However, sensory adaptation is a physiological process while habituation is a behavioral process. Additionally, sensory adaptation always happens unconsciously; habituation, on the other hand, can occur consciously.
What influences habituation? Duration, spontaneous recovery, and psychological factors
A 2009 study by Abrams T. and other researchers redefined habituation based on its influencing factors. Multiple factors can influence habituation, including the following.
Duration
The amount of time someone is presented with a stimulus can impact habituation. When you are exposed to a stimulus over the long term, you may be more likely to become habituated to it—similar called associative learning, where you learn to associate a stimulus with an outcome. Except here, knowing the outcome allows you to ignore it.
Spontaneous recovery
Conversely, if you are exposed to the new sound of a train each night when you move to a new apartment near the train tracks, you might respond negatively at first but eventually associate the train's sound with sleep or calm. That’s an example of habituation caused by the duration of the sound and its frequency.
Frequency
Intensity
Very intense stimuli may be more challenging to habituate yourself to. For certain stimuli, like a car alarm, habituation may never occur. As car alarms are often designed to be loud, jarring, and intense, and because the stimulus is presented irregularly, it can be more difficult to habituate to. Intense stimuli tend to lead to slower habituation or no habituation at all.
Change
Changes in stimuli can make it harder to habituate. For example, if a sound continually gets louder and then softer, the initial response may continue, as there is uncertainty in the experience. You might experience faster habituation if you hear the same sound at a constant volume.
When does habituation occur?
Habituation can occur in everyday life unconsciously, or it can be consciously achieved through methods like mental health therapy.
Characteristics of habituation psychology
A habituation stimulus can also occur in areas beyond outward senses. For example, habituation may occur when someone gets a raise at work. When this person hears they're getting a raise, they might feel extremely excited, thinking their life will change significantly. They may believe that their happiness will continue to be as strong throughout the years.
However, excitement or happiness over a short-term change may feel amazing for some time but start to become someone's "new normal." Life may return to how it was before the promotion, and the individual may adapt (or habituate) to the new salary. The stimuli, in this case, the salary, had less effect on the person's happiness over time than they initially expected.
These habituation examples show how individuals can overestimate or underestimate their emotional responses to future stimuli. In some instances, habituation involves positive change. For example, your sadness may seem to last forever after a breakup or challenging loss. But over time being without a person can become more routine and easier to cope with. Learning habituation can be a positive phenomenon when it lessens the emotional burden of a situation.
Habituation psychology, sensory adaptation, and CBT
Exposure therapy & habituation in CBT
Exposure therapy can also function by invoking habituation. Habituation can lessen stimuli's impact on a client's memory or emotions. Habituation occurs when someone is repeatedly exposed to the object of their fear without avoidance. For example, suppose someone is afraid of socializing and makes an effort to expose themselves to frequent socialization, rejection, and conversation. They may start to feel more comfortable and familiar with their social skills.
Counseling options for more information on the characteristics of habituation
Online therapy with a trained psychologist
Takeaway
Habituation can be viewed as how humans adjust to stimuli. Over time, human reactions to changes in the environment tend to decrease. The stimulus’ intensity, duration, frequency, and any changes can affect the habituation process.
CBT and exposure therapy sometimes use habituation as a tool to treat PTSD and different types of anxiety disorders. If you're interested in using habituation to your advantage in this way, you may consider trying online therapy with the help of a mental health professional.
Frequently asked questions
What is the habituation method in psychology?
What is an example of psychological habituation?
What is habituation in CBT?
What is habituation for anxiety?
What's the difference to a psychologist between desensitization vs habituation?
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