What Triggers Psychosis? A Guide For Prevention And Awareness

Psychosis can make the world seem like a strange and unfamiliar place. During a psychotic episode, what you think, see, and feel can become warped. You might see things others don't, believe things that defy logic, or find your mind racing in ways that seem to make no sense.

These disruptions can be frightening and often make daily life more difficult. We may not have all the answers about why psychosis happens, but scientists have uncovered clues about what might put someone at higher risk, including genetic factors, substance use, high stress levels, and certain medical conditions. In many cases, psychosis can be effectively managed with doctor-prescribed medication and regular therapy sessions.

Have you experienced psychosis?

Online therapy can be part of your recovery

What is psychosis?

Psychosis is a mental state involving a disconnect from reality that can deeply impact the way a person experiences the world. Psychosis is often associated with serious mental illnesses like schizophrenia, but it can also occur due to other medical conditions.

While the exact reasons why people develop psychosis currently remain unknown, we understand a lot about common symptoms of this mental state. Here are some of the symptoms a person might experience during a psychotic episode: 

• Hallucinations may occur when a person sees, hears, smells, tastes, or feels things that have no basis in reality. Voices whispering when no one's there, shadows lurking in the corner of your eye, or unsettling sensations on your skin can all be examples of hallucinations.
• Delusions generally refer to unshakeable beliefs that go against all logic and what others see as reality. Someone experiencing a delusion might be convinced that they're being watched, that they have special powers, or that others are trying to harm them.
• Disorganized thinking often involves jumbled, disconnected thoughts, which can make it difficult to follow conversations, express ideas clearly, and track your own train of thought.

Psychosis can also involve other symptoms, such as drastic changes in mood, sleep problems, difficulty concentrating, or withdrawal from friends and activities. However, one person's experience with psychotic episodes might be very different from that of another person. Some people might have one isolated incident, while for others, psychosis can be a recurring challenge.

What increases vulnerability to psychosis?

Have you ever wondered what might make a person more likely to experience psychosis? While the exact causes tend to be complex, let's explore some factors that scientists believe play a part.

• Family connections: Having a close family member with certain disorders, like bipolar disorder or schizophrenia, might make a person slightly more likely to experience psychosis. However, genetics are not the only contributing factor to psychosis, and many people with a family history of psychotic disorders may never experience a psychotic episode.
• Impact of substances: Certain substances, especially stimulants and cannabis, can put someone at greater risk of experiencing psychosis. Substance use can be especially risky during the teenage and young adult years because the brain is still developing. If someone's already prone to psychosis, substance use may act as a trigger for an episode.
• Major life stressors: Sometimes, intense stress can be a contributing factor to psychosis. Events like losing a loved one or undergoing a significant life change can shift brain chemistry enough to bring on psychotic symptoms in those who have a genetic predisposition to them.
• Underlying medical factors: In rare cases, medical conditions like brain tumors or autoimmune diseases can produce symptoms resembling those of psychosis. Seeing a doctor to rule out any underlying physical causes can help you receive an accurate diagnosis.
• Sleep deprivation: Sleep problems and psychosis usually have a complex relationship. For those prone to psychosis, sleep deprivation or disrupted sleep patterns may worsen symptoms. In general, sleep is an opportunity for your brain to reset and recharge. When you're not sleeping well, hallucinations, delusions, and racing thoughts can intensify. To make matters worse, psychosis itself can result in sleep difficulties, potentially contributing to a vicious cycle that can be hard to overcome.

Taking care of yourself, including getting good sleep, is often part of managing psychosis. Having a consistent sleep schedule, limiting caffeine and alcohol before bed, and winding down with a relaxing routine can be tools for better mental health. If you're still experiencing issues with sleep, there could be an underlying sleep disorder that needs to be treated.

Overall, your genes, life experiences, and even the substances you use may influence your vulnerability to psychosis. While we can't necessarily control everything, managing your risk factors where possible may reduce your likelihood of developing psychosis.

Recognizing the early signs and possibilities for prevention

Myths and misconceptions about psychosis

Harmful stereotypes about psychosis can be common. Movies and TV often sensationalize the condition, focusing on violence and extreme behavior. These types of portrayals, which are often exaggerated or falsified, can fuel fear and contribute to stigma, potentially making it harder for those with psychosis to seek help and overcome isolation. For example, one common myth about psychosis is that it causes violent behavior. However, research tells us that most people with psychosis never exhibit violent behavior.

Psychosis doesn't have to define a person's life. Treatment and support can help people regain stability and find joy and fulfillment. Spreading the truth about psychosis, rather than fear and misconceptions, may be a way to create a more understanding and supportive world.

Psychosis treatment options

Psychosis can be effectively treated. The most common approach usually combines medication and therapy. A doctor may prescribe antipsychotic medication to lessen the intensity of psychotic symptoms like hallucinations or delusions. Therapy can also offer support by providing tools for managing stress, developing coping skills, and improving overall well-being.

With the right treatment and support, many who experience psychosis can lead full and active lives. Here are some things people can do to help manage their condition:

• Adhere to the medication plan prescribed by their doctor or psychiatrist
• Keep up with regular therapy appointments
• Prioritize a healthy lifestyle, including sleeping well, exercising, and eating nutritious foods
• Discontinue substance use
• Lean on a strong network of friends and family for support

Psychosis can be a complex mental state. The lack of a clear cause and cure can be frustrating. However, there are treatment options that can help people manage their symptoms and make life both manageable and enjoyable. If you have concerns about psychosis, either for yourself or someone close to you, a professional evaluation can provide answers. A mental health professional may determine the best course of action for treating psychosis.

The sooner a person gets treatment for psychosis, the better their outlook tends to be. Early intervention can lead to fuller recovery and potential prevention of severe episodes. While it can be scary to reach out for help, seeking treatment can be a sign of strength and a step toward wellness.

Managing the challenges of psychosis

Coping strategies and self-regulation techniques may help people experiencing psychosis manage their symptoms. Some coping strategies that may help people with psychosis include:

• Being informed: Learning as much as you can about psychosis can offer clarity about your condition and available treatment options.
• Building a support system: Understanding, supportive people can be there for you when you face challenges.
• Connecting with others: Joining a support group can build community with others walking a similar path.
• Prioritizing stress reduction:Stress may worsen existing psychosis symptoms. Learning how to recognize stress and how to manage stress is important for people who experience psychosis. Examples of relaxation techniques include active activities, like walking and dancing, and mental activities, like meditation and breath work.

Have you experienced psychosis?

Online therapy can be part of your recovery

People living with psychosis often find it difficult to trust others when they first meet them. Experiencing mistrust may make it difficult for people experiencing psychosis to attend in-person therapy sessions and engage with their therapist. With online therapy, you can attend therapy sessions from your home, where you may feel the most comfortable.

Studies suggest that online therapy for psychosis can achieve results on par with in-person therapy. Research notes that the added benefits of convenience and affordability can make it easier to maintain consistent treatment, which may improve clinical outcomes.

Living with psychosis can take courage. By educating yourself, seeking support, and prioritizing stress management, you may build resilience and take steps toward better days. No matter how hard things may seem, you're not alone. With the right support and treatment, symptoms of psychosis can be managed effectively.