How To Help Someone With PTSD: Practical Tips And Resources

According to the National Center for PTSD, approximately 6% of people experience posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) at some point in life. PTSD often stems from a traumatic event that leaves a lasting impact on a person’s mental health. It can be challenging to know how to help a person experiencing PTSD, whether it's a family member or a close friend. 

Helping someone with PTSD typically starts with understanding their unique needs. This guide offers practical tips and resources to help you become part of a positive support system for a loved one experiencing PTSD.

Understanding PTSD

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition that can occur in people who have experienced or witnessed a traumatic event. These events can include natural disasters, combat, and personal traumas like assault or abuse.

Trauma's impact can reach far beyond the initial event, affecting how individuals process emotions, memories, and even their thought patterns. With PTSD, the brain's fight-or-flight response often becomes overactive, triggering feelings of extreme fear and anxiety. These reactions can be intense and may persist long after the traumatic event has ended.

PTSD can be divided into two main categories: acute and chronic. Acute PTSD refers to symptoms that last for less than a month, while chronic PTSD persists for more extended periods. While  at some point in their lives, only a small percentage will develop PTSD. 

While anyone can develop PTSD, certain factors may make someone more susceptible. Risk factors for developing PTSD can include exposure to multiple traumatic events, previous mental health conditions, a history of substance use, or other stressful life experiences. A family history of mental health disorders may also increase the risk of developing PTSD.

Recognizing the signs of PTSD

PTSD symptoms can be divided into four main categories: intrusive memories, avoidance, negative changes in mood and thinking, and changes in physical and emotional reactions. 

PTSD manifests in diverse ways, but common symptoms include the following:

• Flashbacks
• Nightmares
• Heightened anxiety
• Intrusive thoughts about the traumatic experience
• Withdrawal from social activities
• Depression or feelings of hopelessness
• Irritability and outbursts of anger
• Difficulty concentrating or making decisions
• Insomnia or changes in sleeping patterns

Recognizing these signs may help you offer effective support. Some potential triggers might evoke intense emotional and physical responses, often mirroring the original trauma. Identifying and mitigating these triggers may help you support someone with PTSD. 

Fostering an environment conducive to healing

Open communication can also help you identify signs of distress or triggers and offer support at the right time. Individuals with PTSD may find it challenging to express their emotions due to fear of judgment. Creating a supportive space where they feel heard and understood may encourage them to discuss their experiences and feelings more openly.

Trust and safety tend to be paramount in supporting someone with PTSD. Establishing a secure and reliable environment may aid their recovery. Consistency and dependability in your interactions can foster a sense of trust that may help alleviate some of their symptoms. 

Sometimes, simply being present can make a difference to someone with PTSD. Your presence can provide reassurance, especially during times when they may feel overwhelmed or triggered. If a person’s circumstances become too challenging, you can offer a temporary escape by spending time together in nature, taking walks, or engaging in relaxing activities.

While some PTSD triggers may be unavoidable, understanding what they are and being mindful of boundaries may help you prevent potentially distressing situations. 

Nurturing emotional and physical well-being

Supporting someone with PTSD often entails addressing both their emotional and physical needs. You can encourage them to seek guidance from a mental health professional, as many therapeutic approaches can be helpful in treating PTSD, including:

• Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT): CBT is a form of psychotherapy that focuses on identifying and challenging negative thought patterns and behaviors.
• Exposure therapy: This type of therapy involves gradually exposing individuals to their triggers in a safe environment, helping them confront and overcome their fears.
• Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR): EMDR combines elements of CBT and exposure therapy with eye movements to help individuals process traumatic memories.

In addition to encouraging a person to seek therapy, promoting healthy lifestyle choices, such as a balanced diet, regular exercise, and adequate sleep, can enhance a person’s overall mood and physical health, which are connected to mental well-being. Additionally, helping them establish healthy coping mechanisms can aid in their recovery. These might include mindfulness techniques or creative outlets like music or art. Anger management techniques and relaxation exercises may also be beneficial for some people. 

Building a support system

A strong support system can be helpful for individuals with PTSD. Engaging family members by encouraging them to learn about PTSD can create a supportive home environment. Family therapy can help all involved understand the impact of PTSD and develop strategies for effective support. 

Additionally, support groups can provide a community of understanding individuals who offer emotional backing and practical advice. Whether online or in person, support groups can be a valuable resource for individuals coping with PTSD.

PTSD affects everyone differently, so there's no single "right" way to support someone who's going through it. What helps one person might not be helpful for another. Patience and understanding may be necessary as they navigate their path to healing. 

A proactive approach to managing PTSD symptoms

A proactive approach can help individuals manage their PTSD symptoms more effectively. One way to be proactive is to encourage self-care practices, such as journaling, practicing relaxation techniques, and setting achievable goals. This may empower them to take control and feel a sense of agency in their recovery journey.

Often, a combination of therapy, medication, and lifestyle changes can help individuals with PTSD manage their symptoms and improve their overall well-being. In some cases, pharmaceutical intervention may be recommended by a healthcare professional to aid in managing the more acute manifestations of PTSD. While medication may reduce some symptoms, it's not typically a cure for PTSD and should be used in conjunction with therapy.

Depression and substance use often accompany PTSD, and addressing these concerns can be integral to recovery. It may help to be vigilant for signs of substance use. If you notice such signs, you might gently suggest that the individual seek professional help before it becomes a more significant concern. 

Encouraging emotional expression through talking, writing, or creative outlets may help to prevent negative emotions from building up, which can lead to potentially harmful behaviors. Promoting positive activities that offer a sense of accomplishment and joy can also counteract negative feelings.

A person with PTSD typically needs long-term support. Staying informed about the condition and the latest treatment options can help you provide supportive care. Whether it's accompanying a person to therapy sessions, offering a listening ear, or providing practical assistance, your support can make a positive difference in their recovery. 

Do You Want To Help Someone Living With PTSD?

Get Started With Online Therapy For Caregivers Of Those With PTSD

Online therapy for PTSD

Navigating PTSD can be a challenging experience, but specialized care may lead to better outcomes. Online therapy offers a viable solution by connecting individuals with a wide network of therapists specializing in trauma, and it’s often more affordable than traditional in-person therapy. By removing barriers to treatment, online therapy can help more individuals get the support they need to manage their PTSD symptoms.

Numerous studies highlight the effectiveness of internet-based therapy for PTSD, demonstrating outcomes that parallel those of conventional in-person treatment. With comparable symptom reduction and enhancements in overall well-being, online therapy may provide a more convenient option for those seeking support.

Takeaway

Being there for someone with PTSD typically means offering not just a shoulder to lean on but also practical support. By encouraging them to adopt healthy coping mechanisms and staying informed about available treatments, you can empower them on their path to recovery. It may also help to encourage them to speak with a licensed counselor. Trauma-informed care, combined with adequate support and understanding, can benefit their healing process.

Also, as a caregiver of someone living with PTSD, you may be experiencing your own stress. Research shows that therapy can be helpful for those who are caring for a person with PTSD. With BetterHelp, you can be matched with a therapist who has experience helping caregivers of individuals with PTSD. Take the first step toward getting support and contact BetterHelp today.