What Are The Most Common Secondary Conditions To PTSD?

Managing secondary conditions can be important not only for alleviating symptoms but also for preventing further health problems. Overlooked secondary conditions may worsen PTSD symptoms, creating a complex situation that may slow recovery. 

How PTSD is linked to other conditions

Post-traumatic stress disorder often coexists with various secondary conditions. Individuals with PTSD may experience both mental and physical health challenges as a result. For instance, chronic pain is commonly reported by those with PTSD, as the prolonged stress response can worsen physical discomfort.

High blood pressure

Hypertension is typically gauged using two measurements: systolic and diastolic pressure. The first measures blood pressure during heartbeats, while the latter measures it while the heart is at rest. Experts agree that a normal blood pressure reading is around 120/80 mm Hg. Persistent readings above this level may indicate hypertension.

High blood pressure, or hypertension, may develop as a secondary condition to PTSD. Studies suggest that individuals with PTSD experience higher stress levels, which can increase blood pressure and contribute to hypertension over time. The body's response to stress involves the release of hormones that can cause blood pressure and heart rate to rise, putting strain on the cardiovascular system.

Chronic pain

Chronic pain is often linked to PTSD, forming an intricate relationship in which each condition can worsen the other. People with PTSD may have increased sensitivity to pain, and the ongoing pain can act as a constant reminder of the traumatic event, potentially intensifying PTSD symptoms. 

Research has shown that a considerable portion of individuals with PTSD also experience symptoms of chronic low back pain. One study revealed that individuals with PTSD symptoms had a 60% chance of developing chronic back pain over five years, compared to 40% in those without PTSD.

The relationship between PTSD and chronic pain may involve increased activity in the nervous system, resulting in increased pain sensitivity. Coping strategies can also play a role; individuals living with both conditions may develop behaviors that inadvertently perpetuate the cycle of pain and stress. Those with PTSD and chronic pain might begin avoiding certain physical activities they believe will worsen their pain, which could lead to reduced movement and more discomfort as time goes on.

GERD

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a condition in which stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, leading to irritation. Research suggests that there might be a connection between PTSD and the development of GERD as a secondary condition. Individuals with PTSD may experience increased levels of stress and anxiety, which can contribute to the malfunction of the gastroesophageal valve, allowing acid to escape into the esophagus.

One study found that patients with PTSD have a 25% risk of developing gastrointestinal disorders, nearly double the rate seen in the general population. Certain medications used to treat PTSD symptoms, such as tricyclic antidepressants, may also affect gut motility and acidity, potentially leading to or worsening GERD. The effects of GERD on quality of life can interfere with daily activities and sleep patterns, creating a cycle that can further worsen PTSD symptoms.

Erectile dysfunction

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a condition characterized by difficulties in achieving or sustaining an erection suitable for sexual activity. Studies indicate a correlation between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and a higher likelihood of experiencing ED. Research published in Annals of General Psychiatry revealed that individuals with PTSD had a greater tendency to develop erectile dysfunction than those without PTSD. The occurrence of ED was higher in the PTSD group than in the non-PTSD group, suggesting a possible link between these two conditions.

Beyond the physical symptoms, erectile dysfunction can develop as a secondary condition to PTSD due to psychological stressors. Emotional and psychological trauma associated with PTSD may disrupt sexual function and cause problems in intimate relationships. Some people with PTSD may experience ED as a result of the emotional stress caused by the condition, while for others, it might stem from the side effects of medications used to treat PTSD.

Anxiety

Post-traumatic stress disorder often co-occurs with anxiety, a condition characterized by overwhelming worry and fear. Individuals with PTSD may develop different forms of anxiety disorders, such as generalized anxiety disorder, phobias, or panic disorder. 

One study suggests that veterans diagnosed with PTSD who also have other mood or anxiety disorders, such as social anxiety or obsessive-compulsive disorder, may experience more severe PTSD symptoms compared to those with PTSD alone. Anxiety can occur with physical symptoms like rapid heartbeat, sweating, and trembling. Psychologically, it may involve persistent intrusive thoughts or avoidance of situations that are reminders of the traumatic event. 

Depression

Depression commonly co-occurs with PTSD, as the stress from trauma can influence mood and emotional regulation. Individuals with PTSD may experience persistent feelings of sadness, loss of interest in activities, or a sense of numbness. In addition, ongoing PTSD symptoms, such as nightmares and flashbacks, may contribute to the development or worsening of depressive symptoms.

PTSD can cause changes in thinking and behavior that are linked to depression, such as negative self-perception, social withdrawal, and reduced motivation. The risk of developing depression in people with PTSD may be higher because of the similarities in symptoms and the stress and anxiety from the traumatic event.

Not everyone with PTSD necessarily develops secondary conditions. However, being aware of them may allow individuals and healthcare providers to identify symptoms early. Diagnosing and treating these secondary conditions promptly can help reduce their effects and improve the overall treatment outcomes for PTSD.

VA disability benefits for secondary conditions

While PTSD can affect anyone who has experienced trauma, veterans are one group of individuals who may be at higher risk of the disorder. Veterans may qualify for VA disability benefits if they can demonstrate a link between their service-connected PTSD and secondary conditions arising from it. These secondary conditions can often worsen the primary disability, affecting a veteran's health and ability to function in daily life.

VA disability rating for secondary conditions

The Department of Veterans Affairs assesses each service-connected disability and assigns a specific VA disability rating based on the severity of the condition. Secondary conditions linked to PTSD can be rated separately. If a secondary condition is determined to be directly associated with a veteran's service-connected PTSD, the cumulative impact can lead to an increased overall disability rating, thereby potentially increasing the amount of monthly benefits they receive.

Filing a secondary service connection claim

When filing a claim for a secondary service connection, veterans need to provide medical evidence that establishes a direct relationship between their service-connected PTSD and any secondary conditions. They must complete forms like the Statement in Support of Claim for Service Connection, indicating how their service-connected PTSD has caused or aggravated the secondary disability. The VA reviews these claims on a case-by-case basis, considering all submitted evidence to determine the legitimacy of the connection between the primary and secondary conditions.

Support is available for PTSD and secondary conditions

Contact a therapist for help

Managing secondary conditions 

Military service members and others living with PTSD can seek help in various ways for additional health problems related to their trauma. Doctors and mental healthcare providers may recommend treatment plans based on each individual's overall condition. 

Mental health professional support for secondary conditions

For mental health conditions related to PTSD, online therapy may be a beneficial aspect of treatment. One study published in 2022 shows that online therapy can be as effective as in-person sessions for PTSD. The convenience of online therapy may make it a useful option for service members living with mobility challenges as well as those in remote locations.

Online therapy platforms provide a variety of benefits, including flexibility in scheduling and various communication methods (such as video, audio, and live chat). This method of therapy may alleviate the stress of traveling to appointments, which can be particularly helpful for those with anxiety-related disorders.

BetterHelp is one online platform that connects people living with PTSD to licensed therapists who are experienced with the complexities of PTSD. This online service matches individuals with therapists based on their needs, ensuring personalized and effective care.