What Happens When PTSD Is Triggered?
Post-traumatic stress disorder generally refers to a mental health condition that can develop after one experiences or witnesses a traumatic event like a natural disaster, war, sexual abuse, or another situation that causes intense fear, helplessness, anger, or other unsettling emotions. These experiences can later be triggered and re-experienced through flashbacks or vivid memories.
What happens when PTSD is triggered? Intense emotions may be evoked by certain images, smells, sounds, places, or people that serve as PTSD triggers, potentially summoning memories of the event that took place. Due to the disturbing nature of these memories, many people try to avoid potential triggers. Exposure therapy, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) can be effective forms of treatment.
PTSD symptoms
Fear can be seen as a natural part of the body’s “fight-or-flight” response, often prompting a range of emotions, especially in those who have experienced trauma. While some people recover from trauma over time, others continue to experience distressing symptoms for an extended period.
Symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder, when left unaddressed, can be detrimental to a person’s quality of life. Research indicates that PTSD can be associated with a reduced ability to experience positive emotions.
Diagnosing PTSD after a traumatic event
Usually, a PTSD diagnosis involves the following symptoms:
- At least one re-experiencing symptom, such as flashbacks or recurring memories
- At least one avoidance symptom, such as avoiding people, places, and events that may act as reminders of the trauma, or avoiding feelings and thoughts associated with the event
- At least two arousal and reactivity symptoms, such as experiencing sleep disturbances, being easily startled, feeling tense, irritable, or prone to angry outbursts, or engaging in self-destructive behavior
- At least two mood and cognition symptoms, such as pessimism about oneself and the world, social isolation, self-blame, ongoing negative emotions, or difficulty recalling important parts of the event
Common PTSD triggers
PTSD triggers can evoke a powerful range of emotions and sensations, as well as flashbacks or vivid memories of the trauma. Some people may feel overwhelmed, vulnerable, or angry, while others may feel upset or guilty. They may experience physical symptoms like a rapid heart rate, sweating, or nausea as well. These symptoms can make it challenging to function as usual.
Common PTSD triggers may involve those discussed below, among others:
- Auditory triggers, such as the sound of screeching tires in connection with a car accident
- Olfactory triggers, such as the smell of burnt wood in connection to a fire
- Specific locations, such as the place where the trauma occurred
- Anniversaries of the event
- People associated with the event
- Reading or consuming media about similar events
Mental health treatment for PTSD
Treatment for PTSD can take many forms, including therapy, prescription medication, and support groups. It can be important to seek out a mental health professional who specializes in PTSD and trauma-related concerns.
Below are several therapeutic approaches that can address PTSD:
Managing PTSD triggers with exposure therapy
Exposure therapy generally aims to help people manage fear and reduce distressing symptoms through gradual exposure to PTSD triggers. One may be prompted to think about the event, write about the experience, or revisit the place where the trauma occurred in a safe and guided way.
Understanding cognitive restructuring for PTSD symptoms and treatment
Cognitive restructuring typically aims to help a person reexamine and make sense of the traumatic event by thinking about what happened in a more helpful way. Often, a person may remember things differently from how they occurred or believe they are at fault for the way events transpired.
Cognitive restructuring can encompass various techniques which usually focus on the interaction of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. By changing unhelpful or inaccurate thought patterns, emotions may shift, and symptoms may be relieved. Other cognitive approaches include cognitive processing therapy (CPT) and cognitive therapy. These approaches tend to be highly recommended by the American Psychological Association for PTSD treatment.
Exploring EMDR therapy and what happens when PTSD is triggered
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is a type of psychotherapy that can help individuals process trauma, make sense of it, and relieve the distress associated with a particular event. EMDR usually involves bilateral stimulation in the form of following a back-and-forth movement with your eyes while recalling a specific memory "until shifts occur in the way that you experience that memory and more information from the past is processed."
Recommended by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs as one of the more effective therapies for PTSD, EMDR can take between one and three months of weekly sessions.
Virtual therapy to alleviate PTSD symptoms
Sometimes, PTSD symptoms can make it challenging to attend therapy in person. The thought of leaving the comfort of your home or encountering triggers on your commute to the therapist’s office may prevent you from seeking treatment. Attending therapy in a virtual setting may be an excellent way to receive the professional guidance you deserve.
Benefits of online therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder
Online therapy through platforms like BetterHelp can be convenient and accessible for many people. Online therapy generally allows you to speak to a therapist by phone, video, or online chat to further suit your comfort levels.
A UK-based study of 196 people with mild-to-moderate PTSD symptoms found that "PTSD symptoms improved equally after online or face-to-face treatment at 16 weeks; there was no difference between the two therapies."
Takeaway
Frequently asked questions about what happens when PTSD is triggered
Read below for frequently asked questions about this topic.
How can a traumatic event trigger PTSD, and what are the common symptoms?
A traumatic event can trigger PTSD by overwhelming the brain's ability to process the experience, leading to symptoms like flashbacks, nightmares, anxiety, and emotional numbness.
What happens when PTSD is triggered, and how does it affect mental health?
When PTSD is triggered, a person may re-experience intense fear, distress, or panic, which can disrupt daily life, relationships, and overall mental health.
What are the effects of traumatic stress, and how can it lead to PTSD symptoms?
Traumatic stress can cause the brain to remain in a heightened state of alertness, leading to PTSD symptoms such as hypervigilance, avoidance behaviors, and intrusive thoughts or memories.
How does PTSD affect a person's mental health?
PTSD can lead to anxiety, depression, flashbacks, and difficulty concentrating, severely impacting daily functioning and emotional well-being.
What occurs in the brain when PTSD is triggered?
When PTSD is triggered, the brain's fear response is activated, causing heightened alertness, stress hormone release, and difficulty distinguishing between past trauma and the present.
What to do when a PTSD trigger occurs at work?
When a PTSD trigger occurs at work, it may be helpful to practice grounding techniques, take a break, or seek support from a trusted colleague or mental health professional.
How long does a PTSD trigger last after a traumatic event?
The duration of a PTSD trigger can vary, lasting from a few minutes to several hours, depending on the intensity of the trigger and the individual's coping mechanisms.
What makes PTSD symptoms worse after experiencing traumatic stress?
PTSD symptoms can worsen due to continuous exposure to stress, lack of support, or encountering reminders of the original traumatic event.
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