Signs You Might Be In An Abusive Relationship

Medically reviewed by Nikki Ciletti, M.Ed, LPC
Updated October 8, 2024by BetterHelp Editorial Team
Please be advised, the below article might mention trauma topics about the signs of abuse that include suicide, violence, and substance use which could be triggering to the reader.
Support is available 24/7. Please also see our Get Help Now page for more immediate resources.

Understanding the signs of abusive relationships

Dating abuse is a pattern of behaviors used by one partner in intimate partnerships to maintain power and control over another partner. Despite its commonality, abusive behavior may not always be easy to spot. 

Understanding common abuse types, learning to identify an abusive relationship, and finding avenues for healing and recovery can be crucial steps toward helping yourself or others break free from the abuse cycle.

Getty/jeffbergen
Navigate the impacts of abuse with a trauma-informed professional

Anyone can experience domestic violence

Abusive relationships can affect anyone regardless of gender, age, race, socioeconomic status, and sexual orientation. It comes in many forms, and it's pervasive—with 41% of women and 26% of men stating they had experienced domestic violence in their intimate partnership at some point in their lives.

Types of abuse in a partnership

Abuse can be defined as a behavioral pattern used to gain power and control over a partner. 

Physical violence

Relationship violence is the intentional use of physical force against a partner to cause fear or injury. Physical abuse can look like mean hitting, punching, kicking, strangling, biting, and shoving. 

Emotional and verbal

Verbal and emotional abuse includes non-physical behaviors designed to manipulate, intimidate, frighten, isolate, and maintain power over a partner. 

These behaviors might look like insults, humiliation, threats, and ridicule, all aimed at causing someone emotional pain. Dismissiveness and the "silent treatment," excessive jealousy, and constant monitoring are also examples.  

Sexual

Sexual abusers use sex in a relationship to control, manipulate, and intimidate the intimate partner. Sexual abuse comes in many forms, including but not limited to the following: 

  • Demanding or forcing a partner to engage in sexual acts
  • Unwanted touching and sexual advances
  • Withholding sex to control and manipulate
  • Insulting a partner through sexual epithets
  • Forcing a partner to have sex with others
  • Forcing a partner into prostitution or pornography
  • Controlling a partner's sexual health, including their choices surrounding conception
  • Using sex with partners outside the relationship to emotionally harm
  • Ignoring a partner’s “no” during sexual actions

Psychological

Although psychological abuse (also called mental abuse) is often closely intertwined with emotional trauma, there are subtle differences. In addition to manipulating a partner's feelings and emotions, mental abusers may cause their partner to question their psychological state, thoughts, and reality. Gaslighting is a common psychological abuse tactic defined by Merriam-Webster as:

"The psychological manipulation of a person, usually over an extended period, that causes the [survivor] to question the validity of their thoughts, perception of reality, or memories and typically leads to confusion, loss of confidence and self-esteem, uncertainty of one's emotional or mental stability, and a dependency on the perpetrator."

Getty/Halfpoint Images

Financial

Financial abusers use financial resources to control their partner. They might control or sabotage the partner's ability to gain financial independence, control how they spend money or sabotage their credit standing. A financial abuser might demand their partner's paycheck and their credit cards. 

Digital

There are several ways someone could use the internet and technology to harm people, including the following: 

  • Insisting on having control over their partner's account passwords
  • Controlling their partner's social media presence, including who they follow or are friends with online
  • Using social media to track their partner's activities and whereabouts
  • Sending insulting, threatening, or hostile messages or emails
  • Constantly texting and calling to harass or frighten a partner
  • Using GPS technology or spyware to monitor their partner's activities and internet usage

Stalking during or after a break-up

The Department of Justice defines stalking as "engaging in a course of conduct directed at a specific person that would cause a reasonable person to fear for [their] safety or the safety of others or [experience] substantial emotional distress." 

Stalking might occur during or after a relationship to frighten, intimidate, and monitor a partner's movements. Physical violence and stalking are often co-occurrent and can be a precursor to serious harm— studies indicate that individuals stalked by their partner or ex-partner are three times more likely to be killed than those who didn't experience stalking. 

Red flags

If you suspect that someone you know is experiencing abuse from their partner, or you aren't sure if your partner is dangerous, it's critical to educate yourself and learn the red flags. 

Some red flags examples may include:

  • Extreme possessiveness and jealousy
  • Attempts to isolate the partner
  • Insulting, demeaning, or humiliating a partner
  • Controlling a partner's daily activities
  • Controlling a partner's social life, who they talk to, and who they spend time with
  • Blaming their partner for their problems
  • Physical abuse, intimidation, and threats of violence
  • Destroying a partner's personal belongings
  • Extreme swings in relationship status—Abusive relationships may exhibit notable "highs and lows" when an abuser attempts to repair the damage they've done. 

It’s important to take these signs seriously if and when you notice them. 

How to break free, seek help, and recover

It can be immensely challenging to leave your partner and regain control in your life. Fear, dependency, and emotional attachment can make it difficult for survivors to leave. Additionally, they may employ tactics like threats, manipulation, or promises to change to make it more difficult for their partner to escape. 

The importance of support systems during relationship recovery

If you feel afraid to leave your partner, support systems can play a pivotal role in helping individuals break free from their relationship. Friends, family, support groups, or professionals can offer a safe place for guidance, validation, and resources. 

Resources for finding help and contacting the national domestic violence hotline

Below are a few online resources available for people who experience violence in relationships to obtain professional guidance on how to leave a partner and find the help they need:

Ilona Titova/EyeEm
Navigate the impacts of abuse with a trauma-informed professional

Other support options for recovery

Some people choose online therapy as a tool for recovering from trauma. Platforms like BetterHelp connect individuals with licensed counselors experienced in trauma recovery and treating the mental health disorders that often accompany it, such as depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). 

You can speak to a counselor online when convenient for your schedule. Should you need assistance between sessions, you can message your counselor anytime. Significant research shows that online therapy is as effective as in-person cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for various mental health concerns. 

Takeaway

Your safety is the most important thing. Recognizing the signs of dating abuse, seeking support, and prioritizing one's well-being can be crucial steps in breaking free from the cycle of abuse. Healing from the trauma of an abusive relationship is often a journey that can require strength, self-compassion, and professional support. If you believe that a friend, family member, or coworker may be experiencing domestic abuse, let them know that they’re not alone and there are people who can help.

Whether individual or group counseling, therapy can provide a safe space to process emotions, rebuild self-esteem, and establish boundaries so you can build healthy relationships. Self-care practices, such as mindfulness, exercise, and creative outlets, can aid in the healing process, fostering resilience and inner strength. Consider contacting a therapist online or in your area to get started.

Build healthy relationship habits with a professional
The information on this page is not intended to be a substitution for diagnosis, treatment, or informed professional advice. You should not take any action or avoid taking any action without consulting with a qualified mental health professional. For more information, please read our terms of use.
Get the support you need from one of our therapistsGet started