Find Supportive College Accommodations For Students With ADHD
Although attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is not considered a learning disability, the condition is regarded as a disability according to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). In addition, some students with ADHD may be able to qualify for accommodations under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act. These accommodations may help students with ADHD succeed in their academic endeavors.
How does attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affect college students?
A potential challenge for people with ADHD is the classroom environment. Students may find concentrating during lectures difficult, which can affect how they absorb information. They might also have trouble keeping up with long classes without getting restless or distracted. Another potential problem is difficulty sitting still. Some students might fidget, tap their feet, or shift positions often, distracting them and others.
Restlessness may make focusing on tasks more challenging, whether participating in group discussions or taking exams. Self-esteem can also take a hit. Struggling with academic tasks that seem easier for peers may lead to a sense of inadequacy. Poor academic performance due to ADHD symptoms may affect confidence and motivation, having a negative impact on how a person views themselves.
Do adult students experience the same symptoms as children with ADHD?
Adult students who had ADHD as children often experience the same symptoms. These symptoms may include trouble focusing, forgetfulness, and impulsivity. However, adults might struggle more with time management, organization, and maintaining attention during long tasks or lectures. These challenges may affect their academic performance and daily life. Some symptoms might lessen with age, while others persist. For instance, hyperactivity may decrease, but inattentiveness might continue.
The subtype of ADHD someone has can impact what symptoms they experience. People with primarily inattentive ADHD (ADHD-PI) won’t experience hyperactive or impulsive symptoms. People with hyperactive-impulsive type (ADHD-HI) won’t experience the inattentive symptoms. Many people with ADHD have a combined type, which involves both categories of symptom presentations. Children and adults can experience all subtypes of ADHD.
Types of accommodations for students with ADHD
Students with ADHD may find support for their academic success helpful. Various classroom accommodations may help them cope with different challenges and work through classroom tasks more effectively. Below are a few accommodations that might be given based on one’s needs.
Extended time on tests
Extended time on tests allows students with ADHD to complete exams without the pressure of a ticking clock or pressure from teachers. ADHD can make focusing and processing information quickly more difficult. Extra time may help reduce anxiety and allow students to perform to the best of their abilities. This accommodation may reflect a student’s true understanding of the material rather than their speed.
Alternative test formats
Not all students demonstrate their knowledge best through traditional test formats. Some students with ADHD may benefit from alternative test formats such as oral reports or projects. These alternatives may bypass obstacles that can come with typical written exams, such as those related to attention and focus.
Simplified or written instructions
Simplified or written instructions may support students with ADHD by breaking down complex tasks into more manageable steps. Written instructions may allow students to refer back when needed and reduce confusion. Eliminating unnecessary directions may minimize errors caused by misinterpretation.
Use of technology
Technology like tablets and laptops may benefit students with ADHD. Technology aids such as speech-to-text software or organizational tools can help students stay on task and complete assignments efficiently. These tools can also provide interactive and engaging ways to learn.
Note-taking assistance
Note-taking can be difficult for students with ADHD due to the attention and organization often required. Note-taking assistance, such as a designated note-taker or recorded lectures, may help students take accurate and complete notes to review. This support may also help them keep up with classroom instructions and assignments.
Preferential seating
Preferential seating places students with ADHD in the classroom where they may be able to focus better. Sitting near the teacher or away from distractions may help them stay engaged and attentive. That way, following along with lessons and participating more actively in class can be more accessible.
Strategies for managing ADHD symptoms in the classroom
If you’re a college student living with ADHD, various strategies may help you manage symptoms in the classroom. The following strategies may guide you in organization, time management, and creating structured environments.
Use a planner or calendar
Using a planner or calendar may help students keep track of assignments, deadlines, and appointments. A planner allows you to write down tasks and prioritize them in order of importance. Calendars and graphic organizers, especially those with visual aids like color coding, may make it easy to view upcoming events and manage time.
Break tasks into smaller steps
Breaking tasks into manageable steps may help students with ADHD focus. Large tasks can be overwhelming, but smaller steps may make them more achievable. For example, splitting an extended essay into parts like research, outline, draft, and final copy may make it easier to manage time.
Set a reward system
Having a reward system may be a helpful way to encourage positive behavior. By setting up a system where you earn rewards for completing tasks, you may be able to stay motivated. Rewards don't have to be elaborate—they could include extra free time, a preferred activity, or a small treat.
Take regular breaks
Regular breaks can help students with ADHD maintain focus and prevent burnout. Short breaks between tasks may help you recharge and return to work with renewed energy. Movement breaks, like a quick walk or stretching, may be particularly beneficial. These breaks can be structured and limited to avoid becoming a distraction.
Create a quiet workspace
A quiet, distraction-free workspace may help you concentrate better. You might choose to sit away from windows or doorways to minimize distractions. A quiet environment may also support better attention and productivity.
Have a consistent routine
A consistent classroom routine may help you manage expectations and reduce anxiety. Predictable schedules allow you to know what to expect, which may help with time management. To have a consistent routine, try to sleep and wake up at the same time each day.
Stay organized with folders and labels
Using folders and labels can often help students with ADHD keep their materials organized. Different subjects can have assigned folders, reducing clutter in backpacks and desks. Labels may make quickly identifying where items belong easier. Staying organized may prevent the frustration often caused by losing important documents. With these strategies, students with ADHD may gain better control over how they learn and succeed in college.
Find help for ADHD and other mental health challenges as a student
Students with ADHD may be able to better cope with challenges with support from family and friends. For example, family members and friends can offer emotional support and advice for social challenges. Involving close ones in your college journey may reduce stress and create a support network.
Many therapists and counselors specialize in ADHD and other mental health challenges. They can offer strategies to manage symptoms in college. Seeking professional help ensures you receive expert guidance through behavioral therapy, counseling, and, in some cases, medication.
Group therapy may be another potential aid. Working with peers who face similar challenges may allow you to share experiences and learn from others. Some universities may offer group therapy sessions, which may be an accessible support option for students.
Support resources for college students
Finding support can be challenging, especially for college students experiencing academic, social, and financial stress. Some campuses offer services, but knowing where to start can be helpful. Below are resources to consider:
- On-campus health centers: Some universities provide free or low-cost counseling services for students, helping with stress, anxiety, and other mental health challenges.
- Disability services office: Universities may have a disability services office that can help with accommodations for students with ADHD, including extra time on tests and note-taking assistance.
- Online therapy platforms: Online therapy platforms may provide convenient access to licensed therapists online, allowing students to schedule sessions around their academic commitments.
- National mental health organizations: The National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI) may provide resources, support groups, and educational materials for mental health.
- ADHD coaches: Professionals may be available to help students with ADHD develop skills in time management, organization, and goal setting.
- Crisis hotlines: For students going through a mental health crisis, the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline may provide immediate support.
Having support options available can help college students find guidance in managing ADHD and other challenges.
Finding a therapist for ADHD
Students with ADHD may struggle with traditional therapy settings due to scheduling conflicts. Online therapy may help them manage these challenges by offering phone, video, or live chat sessions that can be attended from home, potentially making it easier to fit into a busy schedule. Some students may find that online therapy platforms like BetterHelp reduce their anxiety about attending sessions. They are in a comfortable and familiar environment, which might help them open up more easily about their struggles.
Studies have proven that online therapy is effective. Researchers looked at six studies involving 261 people with ADHD to examine its efficacy. They found that online therapy improved attention and social skills better than no treatment. For example, attention scores improved significantly more with online therapy. Therefore, online therapy may be a helpful option for those who can't go to in-person sessions.
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