The Path To Higher Education: College Acceptance, Financial Aid, And More

Medically reviewed by Julie Dodson, MA, LCSW
Updated January 17, 2025by BetterHelp Editorial Team

The college admissions process typically involves significant time, research, and decision-making. While getting into college may be stressful, it can also be a time for reflection and personal growth. Here, you’ll find a practical guide to making decisions about college that align with your goals, needs, and values. 

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Facing big decisions and feeling overwhelmed?

Navigating the college admissions process: an overview

Once you’ve decided that college is right for you, it can be important to consider what steps to take next. The application process for higher education tends to be fairly complex, so it can be helpful to understand what’s required of you so you can create a plan. Generally speaking, the process involves:

  • Defining your educational goals. Consider your interests, skills, and long-term goals and aspirations. If you don’t have specific goals, research potential degree areas and career paths. Your teachers, school counselors, or mentors may be able to help you.
  • Researching institutions and programs. Once you have an idea of what you might like to study, you can research institutions that offer those programs. Consider creating a spreadsheet that includes your possible options for schools, their application deadlines, and other helpful information (e.g. tuition, application fees, the school’s acceptance rate, etc.). 
  • Gathering application materials. Next, gather the documents needed for your applications (i.e., high school transcripts, standardized test scores, letters of recommendation, a personal statement or essay, etc.).
  • Submitting applications. Most students begin submitting college applications during their senior year of high school. Once your application is in, you can usually expect to hear back from colleges in the spring, with decisions often arriving between March and April. 
Making decisions about college can feel overwhelming, and it’s normal to face uncertainty about what the future might hold for you. Remember that there are often no “wrong” decisions and that you can adjust your plan as you grow, learn, and discover new possibilities. Don’t hesitate to ask your teachers or counselors for help as you navigate this phase of life.

Choosing an education path: liberal arts, STEM, and more

Choosing a college major can be an important decision—but unless you’re applying for a specialized program, it’s not typically necessary to declare your major until your sophomore year of college. That said, it can be helpful to understand your options.

Liberal arts majors

Liberal arts encompasses subjects like English, history, economics, philosophy, sociology, political science, psychology, and more. Common career paths with these majors include writing, teaching, public relations, social work, law, and roles in government or nonprofit organizations. Students who like working with ideas often pursue liberal arts degrees.

STEM majors

STEM stands for science, technology, engineering, and math. Careers in STEM range from software development and data analysis to engineering, healthcare, and research. Students who enjoy problem-solving, innovation, and working with data or technology often opt for universities with strong STEM programs. 

Business majors

Business programs cover areas like finance, marketing, management, and entrepreneurship. Graduates often pursue careers in corporate management, financial advising, marketing strategy, human resources, or even starting their own businesses. Students who enjoy solving practical problems and working with others are often attracted to these majors.

Health sciences majors

Health sciences majors include fields such as nursing, public health, pre-med, and physical therapy. These programs prepare students for careers in healthcare settings, including hospitals, research institutions, and public health organizations. Graduates typically end up working in medical fields as doctors, nurses, veterinarians, or researchers, often after they’ve achieved additional educational degrees.

Education majors

Aspiring teachers often study early childhood education, secondary education, or special education. These programs tend to focus on pedagogy, child psychology, classroom management, and curriculum development. Graduates typically pursue careers as educators, administrators, school counselors, or curriculum developers. 

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Fine arts majors

Fine arts majors focus on creative disciplines such as visual arts, music, theater, or dance. Graduates often pursue careers as artists, designers, musicians, performers, or roles in arts administration and production. Highly creative students who participated in art, theater, or music programs in high school often seek these majors in college.

Deciding where to apply

With an idea of which areas of study might appeal to you, it may be easier to curate a list of potential schools. Here are some factors to consider when deciding which schools to apply to:

  • Location. Consider whether you prefer an urban, suburban, or rural campus and its proximity to home. Generally speaking, it’s more affordable to go to school in-state in the US. However, some take college as an opportunity to move away and explore a new environment.
  • Size. Think about whether you’d thrive at a large university, a medium-sized school, or a smaller college. Larger schools often offer more programs and resources while small, non-public colleges may offer a more personalized learning experience.
  • Cost and financial aid. Evaluate tuition, fees, available financial aid packages, and rent and living costs. If you plan to take out student loans, calculate how much you’ll need to borrow, interest rates, and what a monthly repayment plan might look like post-graduation.
  • Admission requirements. Compare your academic profile to the school’s acceptance rates and its GPA and test score averages to see where you stand in relation to other applicants and accepted students. A college acceptance calculator might help, and you could also divide your choices into categories like “safety schools” and “reach schools” depending on admission likelihood. Remember that your actual chances of acceptance depend on many factors, including essays, recommendations, and extracurriculars.
  • Campus culture. Research student life, extracurricular activities, demographics of current students, and the overall campus vibe. You might consider Greek life, clubs and campus organizations, housing options, school traditions, and support services to ensure the institution seems like a good fit for you.

Paying for college: financial aid, student loans, and more

Paying for college can feel overwhelming, but there are various resources to help you. You might start by filling out the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) application, which determines eligibility for federal and state grants, work-study programs, and loans. Scholarships, which can be awarded based on merit, need, or specific talents, can also significantly reduce costs. 

Dual enrollment can be a cost-effective way to earn college credits while still in high school. Work-study programs allow you to earn money while gaining experience, typically in campus jobs. Student loans can cover remaining costs but should be borrowed with careful consideration and planning. Many students also work part-time jobs or internships to help them cover living costs and build career skills and connections while in college. 

Another option is to attend a community college for the first two years, during which you can often complete your core classes at a reduced cost. Then, if desired, you can still transfer to a four-year institution to earn your specialized degree. 

College admission counseling: Is it worth it?

An admissions counselor can guide you through the college application process, helping with school selection, admissions essays, and deadlines. A professional in the college admission counseling field might also advise you on actions you can take in high school to increase your chances of admittance to your school of choice, such as getting involved with extracurriculars or participating in advanced coursework. However, they’re not necessarily essential, as school guidance counselors and teachers can also help you with these tasks in many cases.

College acceptance: tips every high school student should know

The period during which an individual is seeking college acceptance can be a challenging time. Here are some tips for managing the mental and emotional aspects of the admissions process.

  • Define success on your terms

Success looks different for everyone. If you are feeling pressured towards a particular path, it might help to pause and reflect on your passions and interests, then have honest conversations with your family or mentors about your priorities.

  • Remember that your story matters more than perfect credentials

While admissions officers take academic performance into consideration, many colleges weigh an individual’s story and accomplishments quite heavily. Admissions essays and interviews can be a way to showcase who you are as a person, helping set you apart from other applicants.

  • Stay open-minded about your options

Even if you have a clear idea of what you want—whether it’s a “dream school” or a desired career path—it can help to explore other possibilities too. You might thoroughly research your options, keeping in mind not just your dreams and goals but also practical considerations like cost, location, and career prospects.

  • Prepare for rejection and celebrate success

College admissions can be unpredictable. Remember that rejection doesn’t define your worth or potential and that there are innumerable paths to success. Instead, you might celebrate your successes and try to cultivate enthusiasm about the possibilities ahead.

  • Seek mentors, role models, and advisors

Teachers, counselors, and community leaders can be valuable mentors. You might try to build relationships early, but don’t hesitate to reach out for help at any point in time. Their guidance may be particularly valuable if your parents or caregivers are unfamiliar with the college admissions process.

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Facing big decisions and feeling overwhelmed?

Mental health counseling for students

Making big decisions can be overwhelming, especially as a young person. It may help to have a compassionate, supportive, and neutral person to help you manage the emotional challenges of the transition from high school to college. With TeenCounseling for those ages 13–19, you can connect with a licensed mental health professional for weekly virtual sessions during which you can openly discuss your thoughts, feelings, and concerns. TeenCounseling is a virtual therapy platform, which means you can connect with a therapist remotely via phone, video call, or chat at times that work for you.

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a research-supported type of talk therapy for treating a range of mental health concerns, but it can also be valuable for coping with stress and developing practical life skills that can aid you in the decision-making process. Research suggests that online therapy can often be as effective as in-person therapy and it can be more cost-effective as well, so it may be preferable for those seeking an affordable, convenient alternative to traditional in-person care.

Takeaway

Navigating the college admissions process can seem overwhelming, but with preparation and a clear understanding of your goals, it’s often manageable. It may help to define your goals, research your options, and stay diligent and open-minded. Don’t be afraid to seek guidance from your teachers and counselors. Mental health counseling online or in person may help you manage the decision-making process.
Balancing school and your well-being is possible.
The information on this page is not intended to be a substitution for diagnosis, treatment, or informed professional advice. You should not take any action or avoid taking any action without consulting with a qualified mental health professional. For more information, please read our terms of use.
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