What Is An Occupational Therapist? UK Options For Occupational Therapy

Medically reviewed by Andrea Brant, LMHC
Updated February 7th, 2025 by BetterHelp Editorial Team

People who have sustained injuries, developed disorders, or experience disabilities may require support with everyday activities. Occupational therapy is a form of treatment that helps participants navigate obstacles that cause functional impairment so they can live healthy, fulfilling lives. Understanding the process of occupational therapy and the roles occupational therapists play can help you determine whether this form of care may benefit you. Below, we’ll provide an overview of occupational therapy and its primary characteristics, and then we'll outline options for finding an occupational therapist in the United Kingdom. 

A therapist holding her tablet is engaged in a conversation with her client seated across from her.
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What is occupational therapy (OT)?

Occupational therapy is a form of treatment that helps individuals address mental, physical, and social challenges that may be impairing their occupational functioning. According to the APA, occupational functioning refers to an individual’s ability to complete everyday tasks, work, and enjoy recreational activities. Occupational therapy can help people living with disabilities, medical illnesses, injuries, mental health conditions, or other challenges better function in these key areas and live fulfilling, healthy lives.

The primary goals of occupational therapy are typically to improve overall health, avoid exacerbating functional impairment, and help participants achieve the highest possible level of independence and quality of life. 

These goals may be worked toward through a variety of techniques. Professionals in occupational therapy may specialize in alleviating cognitive impairment or physical injuries. Some therapists focus on helping people develop job skills or search for open positions. Occupational therapists may also help participants learn how to use therapeutic equipment, modify their homes, or engage in rehabilitation exercises on their own. 

How does occupational therapy work?

Because it can address a broad range of concerns, occupational therapy can look significantly different from client to client. Sessions can vary in their duration, focus, frequency, etc. Additionally, the intensiveness of treatment can depend on many factors. While someone with a broken limb may only require one short session per week for a few weeks total, a client with a lifelong disability may participate in multiple sessions each week for multiple years. 

Despite the variations in its approach, occupational therapy usually involves three main stages: initial evaluation and goal setting, intervention, and monitoring.

Initial evaluation and goal-setting

Typically, the occupational therapy process starts with an assessment where the professional asks the participant to discuss their primary concerns and evaluates their functional abilities. The therapist may ask about functionality in the individual’s everyday life, including their work responsibilities, day-to-day tasks, and social life. They may also conduct interviews with loved ones to better understand an individual’s baseline functionality. 

The therapist may then seek to determine the individual’s level of impairment in various areas. This typically involves an analysis of how any challenges—such as illness, disability, etc.—may be impacting them. Then, the therapist and client can work together to develop a set of objectives. 

For example, people with learning disabilities—such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)—may experience challenges related to their academic careers, mental well-being, and social lives. Goals for a college student with ADHD, then, might include organizing their coursework, addressing the emotional challenges of the disorder, and communicating more effectively with peers. 

Common occupational therapy interventions

Occupational therapy is a personalized approach to care. A therapist can use many different techniques and modalities to ensure the client’s specific concerns are being addressed. Based on an individual’s goals, the therapist may use any one of the following interventions:

  • Physical exercises (e.g., stretching, performing motor skill activities)
  • Adaptive equipment (e.g., learning to walk with crutches) 
  • Assistive technology (e.g., utilizing prosthetics)
  • Vocational training (e.g., developing work skills)
  • Social skills training (e.g., identifying social cues)

Monitoring client progress

As therapy progresses, the professional can monitor the individual’s progress and determine whether changes need to be made to the treatment plan to help them achieve their goals. The therapist may add new approaches, remove techniques that aren’t working, or make alterations to interventions to enhance their efficacy. 

What qualifications do occupational therapists have?

In the UK, occupational therapists have to complete specific educational requirements, which typically involve theoretical coursework as well as work placements. Alternatively, individuals who have bachelor’s degrees in a related field may be able to complete a postgraduate conversion program. 

Through their training, occupational therapists learn how to assess patients, help them develop goals, assist in managing mental and physical challenges, and provide guidance for living independently. In addition to earning an occupational therapy degree, many professionals become registered occupational therapists with the Health and Care Professions Council. 

An older therapist holding a tablet is engaged in a conversation with the person across from him.
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What is an occupational therapist? UK OT specialties

Occupational therapists can specialize in various disciplines, such as physical rehabilitation, special education, environmental modification, neurological care, or emotional wellness. Professionals may also work with specific age groups, providing geriatric or child and adolescent care. Occupational therapists who have subspecialties may acquire additional (usually optional) credentials, which signal to potential clients that they have received special training. 

Where do occupational therapists work?

Occupational therapists perform varying duties in a range of contexts. Common workplaces for these professionals include hospitals, community centers, nursing homes, and schools. 

Hospitals

Some professionals in occupational therapy may provide care in psychiatric hospitals, helping people living with severe mental illness develop life skills. In addition to challenges related to mental health, challenges connected to physical well-being can also arise out of a psychiatric disorder. These complications may require physical therapy and other OT interventions. 

Occupational professionals can also provide therapy to people who are being treated for medical illnesses. For example, a professional may help a cancer survivor find ways to perform their duties at work while managing the effects of chemotherapy. 

Additionally, therapists may support individuals living with physical disabilities due to injury. They can provide physical rehabilitation or help patients learn how to use crutches, a wheelchair, or other types of equipment. 

Social care facilities

Occupational therapists often work in nursing homes, community centers, or voluntary organisations. Nursing homes typically need professionals who can help participants retain some independence. Occupational therapists in community centers may focus on connecting community members with helpful resources or providing skills training. They can also work within voluntary organisations to help care for people who may not be able to seek therapy on their own. 

School systems

Occupational therapists can play key roles within primary and secondary schools, universities, and other educational settings. An occupational therapist may be a member of a special education team or a professional in charge of helping children living with various physical or learning disabilities (e.g., hearing loss, vision impairment, ADHD). 

A key goal of occupational therapy in schools is to help facilitate academic achievement. This may be done through the development of organizational, problem-solving, and communication skills. Occupational therapists may also help students develop social skills or participate in extracurricular activities. 

What is an occupational therapist? UK specialist options

If you’re a UK resident who wants to learn more about what occupational therapists do, consider scheduling a consultation with a qualified professional. As discussed above, occupational therapists work in a range of forums and address varying mental and physical health challenges. The following are some options for pursuing occupational therapy in the United Kingdom. 

Using the NHS to find an occupational therapist

For residents of the UK, occupational therapy is typically free through the National Health Service. If you’d like to pursue this option, ask your general practitioner for a referral or seek therapy from social services through your local council

Connecting with occupational therapists in an independent practice

You can also pursue occupational therapy directly through an independent practice, health organisations, or clinic. The Royal College of Occupational Therapists—the professional body for occupational therapy in the UK—hosts a directory of providers that you can search through. You can narrow your search based on your location, age, and specific concerns.  

Enhanced occupational functioning with online therapy

For those who struggle to leave the house due to disability or illness, it can be hard to engage in face-to-face talk therapy for mental health challenges—whether they’re learning disabilities like ADHD or trouble coping with the emotional effects of a serious injury. Online therapy can be a convenient, flexible mental health care option for individuals in the UK.

The potential benefits of online mental health therapy

With online therapy through a platform like BetterHelp, you can get matched with an experienced therapist from a large team of UK-based professionals, increasing your chances of working with someone who can address your specific challenges. You can connect with your therapist remotely through video call, voice call, or in-app messaging, allowing you to participate in therapy without leaving home. 

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The effectiveness of mental health and social care through online therapy 

Research suggests that online therapy can help individuals address mental health challenges and improve various areas of occupational functioning. Findings from one study, for example, suggest that participants experienced reductions in depressive symptoms following an online therapy program. The study also mentions the power of online therapy platforms to eliminate or reduce common obstacles to mental health care, such as geographical limitations and time constraints. 

Takeaway

Occupational therapy is a treatment method that can provide individuals with the tools they may need to function optimally and live more independent lives. Occupational therapists work in many different contexts, fulfilling varied duties that can help improve clients’ emotional well-being, physical health, and social functioning.
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