Therapy Dogs UK: How They Can Enhance Patient Care

Medically reviewed by Julie Dodson, MA, LCSW
Updated March 4th, 2025 by BetterHelp Editorial Team
Content warning: Please be advised, the below article on therapy dogs might mention trauma-related topics that could be triggering to the reader. Please see our Get Help Now page for more immediate resources.

In recent years, the use of therapy dogs has risen in the UK. A pet who has been trained as a therapy dog can make a significant difference in a person’s emotional well-being, and they can serve patients in a variety of settings. Here, we’ll discuss therapy dogs in the UK and how they can impact patient well-being. 

A mature woman sits outside on a wooden bench surrounded by greenery and sips from a coffee mug. A beagle dog lays on the bench next to her as she pets the dog.
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Experiencing mental health challenges?

Therapy dogs in the UK

Research indicates that there are now more than 6,300 therapy dogs registered with Pets as Therapy (PAT) in the United Kingdom. Therapy dogs can help patients in numerous treatment areas throughout the UK and worldwide. They can be used in hospital settings to help people heal and in educational institutions to help students reduce anxiety and build self-esteem, among many others.

Where can you find a therapy dog?

Therapy dogs are often used in hospitals and other care facilities, such as rehabilitation centers and nursing homes. They can be used in many different clinical areas, including during speech therapy and physical therapy. While animal therapy isn’t typically something that people sign up for, some hospitals may ask incoming patients if they would be open to a visit from a therapy dog. Volunteers then bring a therapy dog to their room at some point during their stay. Therapy dogs may also sometimes be brought to school settings to support students.

Is an assistance dog the same as a therapy dog?

Assistance dogs tend to have a different role from that of therapy dogs. Assistance dogs are typically specifically trained to help a person living with a disability, a medical condition, or a mental health condition, such as epilepsy, diabetes, or post-traumatic stress disorder. They’re usually owned by an individual and go with them everywhere. After going through assistance dog training, they may be able to provide practical support, such as sensing when the person may be about to have an episode or fetching items that they may need, as well as emotional support and comfort. 

Therapy dogs, on the other hand, tend to be owned by organizations or institutions and are brought around to make visits to various individuals each day. Through these visits, they may help enhance therapy and improve the emotional well-being of patients who are living with mental and/or physical health conditions.

A young man with blonde hair smiles as he sits outside and pets a brown dog who is resting it's head on the man's chest.
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What does dog training consist of?

Training for therapy dogs first requires approval of each individual dog by a certified organization, like Pets as Therapy in the UK. There are typically requirements that each dog must meet. For example, some organizations that certify assistance dogs require that the pet dog be at least nine months old and that they have been with their owner for at least nine months. Then, the dog will typically be trained to perform specific functions for their owner or handlers. One of the keys to dog training is usually positive reinforcement, which rewards desired behavior. 

What can therapy dogs help with?

Therapy dogs can be used to improve the daily functioning and/or emotional well-being of individuals in many different types of situations. They might be used with young people in schools, like to help children and adolescents on the autism spectrum or to support students with behavioral challenges in gaining a sense of calm, which may improve behavioral and academic outcomes. 

Therapy dogs might also be used to lift the spirits of patients with cancer or other serious medical conditions. In terms of mental health, therapy dogs may help reduce symptoms of anxiety, depression, and other mental disorders.

A woman with blonde hair sits on the kitchen floor and holds up a tennis ball for a large, brown dog who is jumping next to her.
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Psychotherapy to complement animal therapy

Therapy dogs may be helpful for those living with mental health conditions, but they are typically not a standalone treatment. Individuals experiencing mental health challenges are generally also encouraged to speak with a credentialed therapist. Therapy can often help address symptoms of a variety of mental health conditions, from anxiety disorders and depression to post-traumatic stress disorder, bipolar disorder, and personality disorders. It may also help people who are experiencing emotional effects of medical conditions or a disability or who are going through major life transitions. 

While therapy can be a helpful tool for many, some people might live in a UK region with few therapists. Others might prefer to speak with a therapist outside their immediate community. In these and other cases, online therapy can often be a viable alternative. With online therapy, individuals can communicate remotely with a credentialed therapist from home, no matter where they live in the UK. They can choose a method of communication that’s comfortable for them, such as audio, video, or live chat. 

Over the last decade, numerous studies have suggested the efficacy of online therapy in helping individuals address mental health symptoms and emotional challenges. For example, one systematic review and meta-analysis on the topic suggests that online cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) can be effective for treating a number of mental health conditions, including depression, social anxiety, phobias, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and bipolar disorder. 

Takeaway

Therapy dogs can have a profound impact on the mental health and emotional well-being of patients. They can be used in various settings including in hospitals, care homes, rehabilitation centers, therapy centers, and even schools. While therapy dogs can make a difference in the lives of people living with a mental illness or emotional challenges, speaking with a credentialed mental health professional is also typically recommended. A credentialed therapist may be able to help address symptoms of various mental health conditions and provide a tailored treatment plan.
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