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Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a unique treatment that may support symptoms of several mental illnesses. With emerging exposure to TMS comes increasing client interest and questions about how it works, who offers it, and how much it typically costs. Below, explore answers to these questions and how TMS is used in tandem with other, more conventional treatments like psychotherapy. In addition, find factors to consider, such as cost, when choosing whether TMS suits you.
The use of transcranial magnetic stimulation therapy as a non-invasive method of treatment is becoming more common in the UK for a host of conditions, including depression, anxiety, and other mental disorders. The procedure works by placing a magnetic coil against the scalp, which then delivers targeted pulses of magnetic energy to stimulate specific areas of the brain, primarily the prefrontal cortex. The electric pulses influence nerve cell activity and potentially alleviate symptoms related to mood disorders like depression by altering brain patterns in that region. Since TMS is a non-invasive procedure, patients remain awake during treatment.
Common conditions treated with TMS
In the beginning, TMS was used as a diagnostic tool to assess the motor cortex of patients with neurological disorders like epilepsy. Researchers later discovered that TMS could also be used to treat other neurological conditions like migraine, Parkinson’s disease, and mild cognitive decline. Further applications include smoking cessation and a variety of mental health conditions.
Although not effective for all clients, TMS can be an option for those with mental illnesses who don’t tolerate medication side effects well or whose conditions haven’t responded well to typical treatment. Mental disorders treated with TMS may include the following:
Major depressive disorder (MDD)
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
Anxiety disorders
Bipolar disorder
How costly is TMS?
Transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment has become more effective and affordable. In the UK, a typical full course of TMS treatment can cost between £4,000 and £8,000, and individual sessions can cost around £150 to £300 per session. The cost of a free safety screening and the initial assessment are typically included. This fee ensures clients don’t pay for an initial consultation unnecessarily if a patient advisor flags issues that disqualify them for TMS.
Cost & insurance in the UK
Insurance coverage can be central to TMS affordability. While some medical insurance may cover the costs of TMS treatment, coverage varies depending on the policy. Major insurers in the UK, like Bupa and AXA, may cover the cost of TMS treatment for mental health conditions, but it depends on the policy and the individual case. Insurers typically review their policies on a case-by-case basis, and the situation may change as TMS is a relatively new treatment in the UK.
Financing & cost-effective options
Some cost-effective options may be available for clients who don't qualify for other options. For example, local clinics may offer finance packaging and payment plans. In addition, you may be able to take out a personal loan or credit for the expenses. These options are typically subject to terms and conditions and require interest payments. In some cases, employer assistance or workplace wellness programs can cover or offset the costs of TMS therapy.
Is it worth the cost?
Available data suggests that transcranial magnetic stimulation therapy may be worth the cost because it can offer significant symptom relief when other treatments like medication have failed. Researchers at Harvard Medical School say that roughly 50% to 60% of people with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) “experience a clinically meaningful response with TMS.” Approximately one-third of these individuals will experience complete remission of symptoms with regular treatments. However, experts caution that the exact success rates can vary depending on the clinic, treatment protocol, and patient characteristics, with some centers reporting higher rates due to expertise and equipment used.
Getty/AnnaStills
Effectiveness of transcranial magnetic stimulation
Studies also indicate that TMS can be more effective than conventional methods for certain conditions, such as medication and psychotherapy. For example, as opposed to the average 50% to 60% success rate that TMS provides, the success rate for medication in treating TRD is generally considered low, with only around 20% of patients achieving significant relief, even after multiple treatment attempts. This statistic shows how roughly one-third of individuals with major depressive disorder may not respond positively to standard antidepressant medications, even after several trials.
The BetterHelp platform is not intended to provide any information regarding which medication or medical treatment may be appropriate for you. The content provides generalized information that is not specific to one individual. Do not take any action without consulting a qualified medical professional.
Long-term benefits of TMS treatment
While the initial cost of transcranial magnetic stimulation can be high, for those with severe treatment-resistant depression, the long-term benefits and reduced need for ongoing medications may make it cost-effective. Clients often report feeling better for several months after completing TMS treatment, with the average duration of response being around a year. Although some individuals may be prescribed additional TMS sessions periodically to maintain their improved mood, the savings of using TMS for depression may outweigh the expenses in the long run.
Starting TMS treatment
Individuals considering TMS therapy can benefit from thorough research, speaking to their healthcare providers, and compiling a list of questions for TMS physicians. One of the most comprehensive questions to ask would be inquiring about evidence of success for your specific symptoms and diagnoses. How many people has the physician treated with the same diagnosis? How long have they been practicing?
The future of TMS
The future of TMS therapy in the UK looks promising. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) has updated its guidance to recommend repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS treatment) for depression in routine clinical practice, sparking an increase in treatment centers opening.
As more studies reaffirm efficacy, TMS may become more utilized as a depression treatment option. Further research may encourage more insurance companies to provide coverage and open up the potential for broader NHS funding initiatives. With functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) advancements, TMS can be better personalized to each patient's needs. Because of these advancements and its non-invasive nature, TMS may be used in pediatric research and therapeutic trials and as a potential preferred treatment option for the elderly population.
TMS and other neurotherapies may be integrated into comprehensive treatment regimens with different modalities, such as psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy, and lifestyle interventions. Psychiatrists may recommend individuals with conditions like major depressive disorder, treatment-resistant depression, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder to continue psychotherapy during a TMS treatment course.
A growing body of research also shows that online psychotherapy is as effective as traditional for treatment-resistant depression. For example, one clinical trial published in Frontiers in Psychology showed that clients participating in online mindfulness-based cognitive psychotherapy (eMBCT) for treatment-resistant depression experienced “significant reductions in depression symptoms.”
Takeaway
Investing in your mental health can yield long-term benefits. If you're struggling with treatment-resistant depression or don't tolerate medication side effects well, speak to your doctor or therapist about your options. They might refer you to a psychiatrist who can assess your condition and determine if you'd be a good candidate for TMS. You may also consider speaking to a counselor or therapist if you don’t already. Online and in-person options are available for support in the UK.
Frequently asked questions
Read more below for answers to questions commonly asked about this topic.
What are challenges with TMS therapy?
Challenges in getting TMS treatment are often associated with affordability and the limited availability of clinics offering TMS across the UK. If an individual has insurance, their plan may help with the costs, but providers often require pre-authorization or proof of medical necessity to cover treatment. This process typically involves gathering medical history records and documentation from your mental healthcare provider.
When is TMS not recommended?
Although highly effective for many, TMS isn’t appropriate for everyone. For example, TMS can cause seizures, so the procedure isn’t recommended for people with a history or family history of seizures or epilepsy. In addition, TMS isn’t recommended for people with brain damage from a stroke, traumatic brain injury, or brain tumor, nor for people with metal implants such as aneurysm clips, stents, or bullet fragments above the shoulders. Similarly, people with implants controlled by physiological signals, such as pacemakers, ICDs, or VNS, may not be able to receive TMS treatment.
Is TMS therapy covered by insurance?
Many insurance plans don’t cover TMS because it’s a relatively new treatment on the market. However, more plans are starting to see the value in this option for people with certain conditions. TMS for depression may be more likely to be covered by insurance, especially if other treatment options have been unsuccessful in the past.
Is TMS approved in the UK?
TMS is approved in the UK, specifically as a treatment for treatment-resistant depressive disorders like major depressive disorder (MDD). The NHS may offer this treatment, but the waitlist may be longer, and there might not be availability in certain areas due to the price point and demand of the procedure.
What are the cons of TMS?
TMS is a relatively risk-free procedure. Side effects may include slight dizziness or tingling on the scalp. However, most people report that the side effects are reduced after a few hours. If you experience more severe complications or concerns, talk to your doctor.
What is the TMS success rate?
TMS is often estimated to be up to 60% effective in treating depression. This estimate is much higher than antidepressant medication effectiveness, so many people find TMS an effective option to try if antidepressants haven’t worked for them. However, talk to your doctor before trying any medication or medical procedure.
Is TMS therapy available or costly through NHS?
NHS may offer TMS to eligible individuals. However, because of the price, frequency of appointments, and newness of the treatment, TMS is often only considered in severe cases of treatment-resistant depression with clients who have already tried other, more widely available options for support.
What's the alternative to TMS?
Alternatives to TMS often depend on the condition being treated. However, for severe treatment-resistant depression, providers may also recommend medication or electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), another alternative medical treatment that shows promising results.
Who's a good candidate for this cost-effective therapy?
The best candidates for TMS may be those who are experiencing symptoms of a mental health condition like depression and who are struggling to find relief from other methods. Since TMS is relatively risk-free, those who can afford to try the modality or find an affordable option may consider trying it. However, talk to your doctor about TMS before setting an appointment, as some people may be contraindicated for the treatment.
What happens if you stop TMS early?
If you stop TMS early, you might not see full effects or get any relief from your symptoms. TMS often requires the entire course of treatment to work effectively.
The information on this page is not intended to be a substitution for diagnosis, treatment, or informed professional advice. You should not take any action or avoid taking any action without consulting with a qualified mental health professional. For more information, please read our terms of use.
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