Other (Or Unknown) Substance Withdrawal

Substance withdrawal can cause various physical and psychological symptoms, and the severity can range from mild to life-threatening depending on the type of substance used and the unique disposition of the individual. Some of the most common symptoms of withdrawal may include the following. 

Physical symptoms

Physical symptoms of withdrawal often include: 

• Tremors
• Restlessness
• Headaches
• Vomiting
• Sweating
• Insomnia
• Seizures
• Digestive issues

Psychological symptoms

Below are some of the potential psychological symptoms of withdrawal: 

• Anxiety
• Depression
• Irritability
• Agitation
• Hallucinations
• Confusion

Behavioral symptoms

Behavioral symptoms of withdrawal can include: 

• Social isolation
• Loss of interest in previously enjoyed activities 
• Changes in eating patterns
• Agitation
• Difficulty focusing 

Withdrawal symptoms can vary in their onset depending on the type of substance and the individual's usage pattern. Often, these symptoms develop within a few hours to several days after discontinuing the substance. However, each person’s experience with withdrawal can differ.

The cause of substance withdrawal arises primarily from the body's physical dependence on a particular substance. When a person uses certain drugs or medications over a prolonged period, their body starts to adapt to the constant presence of the substance. In cases of addiction, the body has learned to function normally with the drug in its system. 

When an individual suddenly stops using a substance that the body has adapted to, the body reacts to this absence. This adjustment period, when the body is adapting to a new chemical makeup, is often what causes the varied symptoms of substance withdrawal. Withdrawal is a common bodily response, and professional help is available to manage these symptoms and guide individuals toward recovery. 

Certain risk factors can make an individual more susceptible to addiction. Genetics can play a significant role in determining vulnerability to addiction. In addition, environmental factors such as exposure to substances at a young age, peer influences, lack of parental supervision, and socioeconomic status may also influence the risk of developing an addiction. Psychological factors, including stress, anxiety, depression, and other mental health conditions, may also lead to an increased risk of a substance-related disorder.

Substance withdrawal can be a challenging process, but with professional help and support, recovery is often achievable. It can be helpful to consider seeking the guidance of healthcare professionals when going through the withdrawal process from any substance. 

Often, a combination of therapy, medication, medical treatment, and self-care is used to treat substance use disorders or complications with substance use withdrawal. 

Medication 

While medications are often used in managing substance withdrawal symptoms, it's important to emphasize receiving care from a licensed facility and specialized doctor in detox and substance abuse. 

Withdrawal from substances can be both physically and psychologically taxing, often requiring medical intervention to ensure health and safety. A licensed facility provides a controlled environment where appropriate medical care can be provided, minimizing risks and complications of withdrawal. Additionally, a licensed doctor specializing in detox and/or substance abuse, such as an addiction medicine specialist or emergency department physician, often has the expertise to assess individual health conditions, prescribe the appropriate medications, and monitor progress throughout the withdrawal process. 

Always consult a medical doctor before starting, changing, or stopping a medication for any condition. The information in this article is not a replacement for medical advice or diagnosis.

Other treatment options

Detoxification is often the first step in the process of recovery from substance addiction and withdrawals. It involves the body gradually adjusting to the absence of the addictive substance and “detoxing” the body of a substance. This process may involve uncomfortable and, in some cases, severe withdrawal symptoms as the body adjusts to the absence of the substance. 

It is often crucial to undergo detoxification under professional medical supervision to safely manage symptoms. Medication-assisted treatment (MAT) is often employed during the detoxification process to make it more tolerable. Detoxification is not a cure for addiction but serves as the starting point of an ongoing journey toward recovery. 

After treatment, it is recommended to be aware of potential triggers to avoid a relapse. The American Psychiatric Association recommends working closely with mental health professionals to identify personal triggers and develop coping strategies.

Self-care

Self-care can be a fundamental aspect of navigating the process of substance withdrawal. During withdrawal, the body undergoes a significant transformation as it works to restore equilibrium, making it essential to prioritize your physical well-being. 

Adequate sleep, nutritious food, and regular activity or exercise may mitigate withdrawal symptoms, boost energy levels, and aid in your body’s ability to recover. Mental self-care can be equally important. Engaging in mindfulness practices, meditation, or hobbies may cultivate a balanced mindset, reducing stress and cultivating resilience.

Several resources can be used to mitigate the impacts of withdrawal or substance use challenges, such as the following. 

Educational resources

The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) offers a host of articles, webinars, and toolkits on detoxification and substance use disorders. Additionally, they offer a national hotline that provides 24/7, 365-day-a-year treatment referral and information service for individuals and families facing mental or substance use disorders.

NIH.gov also serves as a beacon of support for those experiencing the challenges of withdrawal or addiction. As a repository of scientifically based information, it provides extensive resources to help individuals understand the complexities of substance dependence and the various stages of recovery. 

The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), a part of the NIH, is particularly devoted to this cause, offering resources on substance use disorders, withdrawal symptoms, and effective treatment strategies. NIH.gov may offer assurance to individuals seeking additional support by providing evidence-based guidance every step of the way.

Support groups

Support groups can have a vital role in the recovery journey of individuals living with addiction and experiencing withdrawal symptoms. One of the most well-known is Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), a global community of individuals committed to sobriety where members share experiences and provide mutual support. Similarly, Narcotics Anonymous (NA) offers a similar service for those experiencing addiction to narcotics and other drugs. 

Support groups are not a one-size-fits-all solution—Each person may find different groups helpful based on their unique experiences and needs. The above-listed online resources may also point out local support groups near you.

For help with substance use, contact SAMHSA’s National Helpline at 1-800-662-HELP (4357).

According to recent research, the standard of care for treating withdrawal symptoms is to utilize a combination of therapy and medication. According to their study, however, researchers are exploring new pathways that may improve the efficacy of these withdrawal treatment strategies. These new medications may help individuals more effectively taper off a substance and better engage in the recovery process. 

In another study, researchers looked at the importance of a holistic approach to treatment for individuals seeking to overcome withdrawal symptoms and cope with ending an addiction. In their comprehensive review, researchers found that it can be crucial for treatment providers to consider the interplay of mental and physical health when designing treatment strategies. This study also found that the use of mindfulness-based practices such as meditation and yoga may serve as effective additions to care for individuals overcoming the withdrawal symptoms of psychotropic medications.

Below are several statistics on other (or unknown) substance withdrawal:

• Withdrawal symptoms occur in around 40% of individuals who experience an alcohol addiction, with the number related to specific drugs varying. 
• 68% of individuals who complete detox find success in overcoming their addiction. 
• 10% of individuals in the US have a substance use disorder at some point in their lives.
• 60% of people living with addiction seek treatment via therapy, medical support, or other methods.